集体自尊对自我概念表征的影响：认知神经机制及干预研究

Self-esteem has a close relationship with human cognitive process and emotional health. Recently some studies have explored the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the effect of self-esteem on self-concept representation, but these studies mainly focus on the individual self-esteem and individual self. So far, it is little known about how the collective self-esteem affects self-concept representation and its difference with the effect of individual self-esteem in collective culture. In this project, we divide the self-concept into the individual and collective self, and adopt behavioral, EPRs and fMRI measures to examine the effect of collective self-esteem on individual and collective self-processing and its cognitive and neural mechanisms. We also examine the modulation effect of collective self-esteem on individual and collective self-processing after self-concept threat. Further, individuals with low collective self-esteem are received the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to self-related brain regions for three weeks and investigate the tDCS effects on their self-positivity bias. This project (1) can help to understand the regulating functions of collective self-esteem; (2) can deeply reveal the characteristics of self-esteem and self-concept structure in Chinese people; (3) can provide guidance for improving our collective self-esteem, national identity and national cohesion.

自尊与人类的认知活动和情绪健康有着密切的关系。近年来一些研究探索了自尊影响自我概念表征的认知神经机制，但是这些研究主要集中在个体自尊和个体自我方面。在我国集体主义文化背景下，集体自尊如何影响自我概念表征，这种影响与个体自尊对自我概念表征的影响效应是否相同目前尚不清楚。本项目把自我概念细分为个体和集体自我，采用行为、脑电及脑成像技术考察集体自尊影响个体和集体自我加工的认知神经机制，并考察自我概念威胁下集体自尊是如何调节对个体和集体自我的加工。在此基础上进一步采用经颅直流电刺激技术（tDCS）对低集体自尊者自我加工关键脑区施加为期三周的tDCS干预，考察低集体自尊者自我正面偏向的变化特点。本项目研究：（1）能加深我们对集体自尊调节功能机制的理解；（2）能深刻揭示中国人自尊的特点与自我概念的结构；（3）对提高国人的集体自尊、国家认同感以及民族凝聚力都具有一定的指导意义。

自尊与人类的认知活动和情绪健康有着密切的关系。近年来一些研究探索了自尊影响自我概念表征的认知神经机制，但是这些研究主要集中在个体自尊和个体自我方面。在我国集体主义文化背景下，个体自我和集体自我加工有着怎样的特点，集体自尊如何影响自我概念表征目前尚不清楚。. 本项目采用ERP技术和自我参照范式，从个体和集体属性两个方面来考察自我认知的特点，研究结果发现，在早期认知加工阶段，只出现了明显的个体自我参照效应，但是没有出现集体自我参照效应。在晚期认知加工阶段，个体自我参照效应和集体自我参照效应都出现了，但是个体自我参照效应要大于集体自我参照效应，这说明个体与集体自我具有不同的时间加工进程。进一步的研究发现集体自尊对集体自我参照加工具有明显的调节作用, 而对个体自我参照加工没有显著的影响。而个体自尊也只调节对个体自我的加工，对集体自我加工没有影响，并且自尊水平与负性自我效应呈显著的负相关，即被试的个体自尊水平越低，对于个体自我相关负性词语的加工偏向就越强。采用阈上启动范式，本项目研究还发现较低的自尊水平会削弱自我加工中的自我正面偏向。这些研究比较系统地揭示了自尊与自我概念表征的关系及其认知神经机制。. 此外，本项目研究还探讨了民族认同与个体和集体自我加工的关系；自我构念与自我概念表征、内外群体疼痛共情的关系；特质焦虑对自我知觉加工、自我注意加工、自我情绪加工以及自我面孔识别的影响。这些研究进一步揭示了自我概念表征的影响因素及其认知神经机制，加深了我们对人类自我认知特点的认识。