知识型员工突破性创造力及其“双刃剑”效应：大数据与经验取样法的多层次纵向研究

This project applies the social identity theory and uses the frontier methodologies of big data and experience sampling method to investigate knowledge workers’ radical creativity, including its antecedent, "double-edged sword" effect and its cross-level (i.e., within-individual level, between-individual level and group-level) moderation mechanisms. First, the project studies the antecedent of knowledge workers' radical creativity from the perspective of social identity theory and depicts the social attributes of radical creativity, to explore the new theoretical perspective in creativity research. Second, this project reveals the “two-sided” nature of radical creativity, enriches the research system of creativity and expands its research territory by exploring the new research perspective of the "double-edged sword" effect of knowledge workers’ radical creativity. Finally, this research integrates big data with experience sampling method to collect multi-level and multi-source longitudinal data to develop a cross-level moderated mediation model, empirically examines the "double-edged sword" effect of knowledge workers’ radical creativity and its multi-level moderation mechanisms from the perspectives of employee self-adjustment and organizational-adjustment, and unveils the real causal relationships among knowledge workers’ radical creativity, its antecedent and its “two-sided” effect, rather than the correlation relationships derived from the traditional methods and cross-sectional data, to enrich the levels of analysis and to explore new research methods in individual creativity research. The project further provides practical guidance for companies’ selection and training of creative employees and their improvement of innovation management mechanism.

本项目运用社会认同理论，采用前沿的大数据与经验取样法，以知识型员工突破性创造力为核心，分别对其影响因素、“双刃剑”效应及其来自个体内层次、个体间层次和团队层次的三重跨层次调节机制进行研究。首先，探寻知识型员工突破性创造力基于社会认同理论下的影响因素，刻画其社会属性，探索创造力研究新理论视角。其次，通过对知识型员工突破性创造力“双刃剑”效应这一新研究视角的探讨，揭示其两面性，丰富创造力理论体系、拓展其研究边界。最后，综合运用大数据与经验取样法，获取多层次、多来源纵向数据建立跨层次调节的中介模型，实证检验知识型员工突破性创造力“双刃剑”效应、及其基于自我调节与组织调节两大类别的多层次调节机制，阐明突破性创造力与其影响因素、正反两面影响效应间真正因果关系、而非传统方法与横截面数据得出的相关关系，丰富个体创造力研究分析层次、探索新方法。为企业创新型人才选拔与培训、优化企业创新管理机制提供实践指导。

本课题在“建设创新型国家”新时代背景下，以知识型员工突破性创造力为研究对象，从社会认同理论视角出发，使用定性与定量相结合的研究方法，运用文本分析、深入访谈、焦点小组等定性研究方法，结合大数据、经验取样法等前沿科学研究定量方法，捕捉并刻画了知识型员工突破性创造力这一随着时间动态变化的构念，获取多层次、多来源纵向数据建立跨层次调节的中介模型，对知识型员工突破性创造力影响因素、“双刃剑”效应及其多层次调节机制进行深入研究。首先，基于社会认同理论视角，运用经验取样法搜集纵向数据，对知识型员工突破性创造力影响因素（如：“不按常理出牌”工作行为）进行理论推演与实证检验，揭示了“互联网+”时代网络嵌套工作环境中知识型员工突破性创造力的社会属性。其次，采用经验取样法获取纵向数据，建立并验证中介模型，从理论、实证两方面分析知识型员工突破性创造力“双刃剑”效应，包括对员工任务绩效的“正面效应”，削弱员工关系绩效、增加人际冲突及职场排斥等“负面效应”。最后，综合考虑员工自我调节与组织调节，建立跨层次模型，探究对于知识型员工突破性创造力“双刃剑”效应来自个体内层次（如：情绪、健康等）、个体间层次（如：领导—员工交换感知）和团队层次（如：领导支持感）的三重多层次调节机制。一方面，通过系统探讨知识型员工突破性创造力“双刃剑”效应，揭示其两面性，丰富了突破性创造力理论体系、并拓展了其研究边界。另一方面，本研究基于社会认同理论这一创造力研究中较新颖理论视角，深入挖掘知识型员工突破性创造力的社会属性，从新的理论视角有效推动员工创造力研究发展。