西南地区城市形态演变过程与特色重构研究

It is an active issue in urban science to study the inherent rules and seek for the methods to Chinese cities in order to solve the present real problems in human settlements..Characteristic crisis reflects the weakness of fundament research on cities in Southwest China.Therefore, aiming at the issue of characteristic city form, the research studies the evolution process of existing characteristic city in Southwest China, analyses the inherent rules including the influencing factors，the interactive relationship,the evolution rules and mechanism, then gropes for the reconstruction approach of the present characteristic city form..The key issue of this research is how to define and understand the characteristic city form. From Generative Holism, the characteristic city form is defined as the optimum state and universal phenomenon of city existing， a complicated system, a generative process. The reconstruction is the process of discovery, selecting and innovation. The contents are as follows..Firstly，the research composes the"sequence-structure-element"frame which indicates from microcosmic, middle and macroscopic view to understand city form..Secondly,With the method of historical document analysis，Geographic and Information Sciences,the historical map was analysed and added to the present digital map in a timed sequence.From which the change of city form is easy to be caught..Then the research focuses on the turning point with historical event,and finds the influencing factors and the interactive relationship, concludes the evolution rules; studies the mechanism to interpret how the city form came into being..The research also summarizes the theories and experience during the city construction. Therefore obtains the scientific understanding of city form characters in Southwest China..Finally, basing on the evolution rules and mechanism, the research analyzes the reason of feature decline in present cities. By the case study, it discusses the value and inspiration of historical city form and experience to build characteristic city form..The essence of shaping characteristic cities is not chasing some certain patterns，but building cities which satisfy the requirements of functions and achieve harmony between man and the nature.

应对人居环境建设"真问题"，深入事物发展演变内在规律，探索中国本土城市规划理论已成学界积极课题。"特色危机"反映出西南地区城市建设基础研究薄弱，理论指导乏力，课题针对此问题，通过研究该地区城市形态演变过程，探索内在规律及适合该地区城市建设的合理途径，是当前西南地区城市建设的迫切需要。.课题基于生成整体论，将"城市形态特色"定义为城市存在的最优状态和普遍现象，一个复杂的系统、生成的过程，构建"序列+结构+要素"的城市形态层次认识框架；以西南为"域"，名城为"点"，集成历史学、地理信息科学的相关方法，以现代城市地图为底图，转译、还原各时期城市历史地图信息，按要素叠加，按时序排列，把握城市形态演变的动态过程；据此关联突变点与历史事件寻找成因，总结影响因素及互动关系，解析演变规律与组织机制；在此基础上提炼和总结历史建城理论与经验，探索城市形态特色重构途径，力求为西南地域特色城市构建提供理论指导。

课题以西南为“域”，名城为“点”，集成历史学、地理信息科学的相关方法，研究城市形态演变的动态过程；总结影响因素及互动关系，解析演变规律与组织机制；在此基础上提炼和总结历史建城理论与经验，探索城市形态特色重构途径，力求为西南地域特色城市构建提供理论指导。.本课题主要完成了以下四方面内容：（一）探索城市形态层次认识框架与城市形态演变分析方法，以获取对城市形态的科学认识；（二）针对重庆、成都、阆中、乐山、昆明等10座国家级历史文化名城，调查其城市形态的演变过程，总结传统城市的发展轨迹、城市形态的总体特点与城市营建模式；（三）分析城市形态的特点与成因，找出形态形成的影响因素，演变规律、组织机制，以获取该地区城市形态特色及演变的普遍性与内在规律。（四）将特色衰微现象置身于历史过程中，分析其原因，并从西南地区城市的山水格局、旧城、历史轴线、道路骨架、历史街区及文化点等方面，探讨城市历史形态在构建特色城市中的影响与价值。同时还总结和剖析了西南地区传统城市“因势利导”积极利用、改造自然的建城经验与“天人合一”的整体观，探讨了其在现代城市建设中的创造性运用。.项目研究完成了预期的成果要求，达到预期目标。项目组基于课题研究成果发表了6篇基金资助论文，其中三篇为重要期刊论文。课题内容作为赵万民教授主持的“三峡库区人居环境建设规划理论、方法与技术”项目的一部分，获得2013年度教育部科技进步一等奖，也作为“巴渝历史城镇保护规划理论关键技术及应用”项目的一部分，获得2013年度重庆市科技进步三等奖。课题负责人李旭参与了赵万民教授主著的《山地人居环境七论》、《三峡库区人居环境建设发展研究——理论与实践》，所撰写章节均基于本课题内容（两本书均标注受到本课题基金资助）。课题组成员积极参加国内外学术研讨会，与国外同行就“城市形态演变研究”的相关问题进行了良好的讨论与交流，推广与宣传了研究成果，取得较好的效果。