社会空间视角下广州市外来人口租房的区位选择特征与机制

The inner-urban residential location choice is the subject of continuous attention in urban geography. But few studies are based on the social space perspective. There are more floating population and higher renting proportion in China's megacities. On this basis, examining the case of Guangzhou, this project aims to study the characteristics and internal mechanisms of home rental location selection by floating populations in Chinese megacities from a social space perspective based on spatial analysis, questionnaire survey, interview, and mathematical statistics. First, this study views social space as a guiding factor in establishing the theoretical framework of home rental location selection by floating population in cities. Furthermore, this study analysis the spatial pattern of floating population renters and their social space. Besides, this study investigates the degree to which social space affects the home rental location selections of floating population, with a focus on comprehensive utility mechanisms, and measures the differences between different types of floating population in their home rental location selections. Finally, this study summarizes the overall market conditions and specific residence systems of Chinese megacities, in addition to the characteristics and insufficiencies of traditional international theories and research frameworks, thereby clarifying a theory of migrant population home rental location selection in Chinese megacities as guided by social space. This project is innovative and unique in the following ways: it echoes shifts in cutting-edge international academic research, and introduces social space factors to a traditional theoretical framework for housing location selection. Furthermore, its research is focused on the specific field of home rentals by floating population, thereby incorporating complementary theoretical perspectives and research areas. This study provides a basis for precisely determining the supply of rental housing in Chinese megacities, and for the effective determination of housing rental policies. By doing so, this study promotes the citizenization of floating population, and helps to achieve the goal of “housing for all”.

城市内部住房区位选择是城市地理学持续关注的议题，但基于社会空间视角的研究仍然不足。我国特大城市外来人口众多、租房比重高。因此，项目以广州为例，通过空间分析、问卷调查与访谈、数理统计等方法，从社会空间视角研究外来人口租房的区位选择特征与影响机制。首先，将社会空间视为重要因素构建城市外来人口租房区位选择的理论框架；然后，从宏观尺度研究广州外来人口租房空间格局及其与社会空间的关系；随后，基于微观尺度的典型社区调查，分析社会空间因素对外来人口租房区位选择的影响程度、影响路径和作用机制，并比较不同类型外来人口的影响机制差异；最后，总结和完善社会空间视角下我国特大城市外来人口租房的区位选择理论，与国外理论对话。项目把社会空间纳入传统经典研究框架，是理论视角的补充；注重人群细分的研究具有特色。研究将为我国特大城市租赁房源的精准供应和租房政策的有效制定提供依据，进而推动外来人口市民化，实现“住有所居”。

城市内部住房区位选择是城市地理学持续关注的议题，但基于社会空间视角的研究仍然不足。我国特大城市外来人口众多、租房比重高。因此，项目以广州为例，从社会空间视角研究外来人口租房的区位选择特征与影响机制。首先，将社会空间视为重要因素构建城市外来人口租房区位选择的理论框架；然后，从宏观尺度研究广州外来人口租房空间格局及与社会空间的关系；随后，从微观尺度分析社会空间因素对外来人口租房区位选择的影响和作用机制，并比较不同类型外来人口的影响机制差异；最后，阐明社会空间视角下我国特大城市外来人口租房的区位选择理论。项目得出了以下重要结果：（1）构建和提出了社会空间视角下城市外来人口租房区位选择的理论框架、居民租房选择的“不可能三角”理论框架、城市特征租金理论与模型；（2）广州市外围城区外来人口比例较高，外来人口倾向于居住在职业阶层等级较差、学历较低、租房户比例较高、失业率较低的社区；（3）广州市租房户倾向于居住在低租金水平和房龄较新的社区。便利性是外来人口租房区位选择的核心因素；（4）广州市住宅租金呈现核心区高，外围城区低的空间分异格局，住房空置率由中心向外围依次升高；（5）社会空间指标（职业、学历、租房、失业）对外来人口分布影响显著。小区居民层次和素质是广州居民居住选择的重要因素。这体现出社会空间是解释外来人口租房区位选择机制的重要视角。本项目超额完成了预期成果指标。项目主持人共发表学术论文23篇，其中，SCI/SSCI论文10篇，CSCD/CSSCI/中文核心期刊论文7篇；出版学术专著2部，完成调查报告3份，发起举办国际学术会议1次，开展学术报告5次，协助或联合培养研究生2人，获软件著作权2项、发明专利2项。本项目把社会空间纳入传统研究框架，是理论视角的补充和创新。项目成果可为我国特大城市租赁房源精准供应和租房政策有效制定提供依据，进而推动外来人口市民化，实现“住有所居”。