超高屏蔽环境下射电望远镜通信互联干扰耦合机理研究

Radio telescopes have the characteristics of high sensitivity and very low signal-to-noise ratio. Radio telescopes are vulnerable to external RF interference and electromagnetic interference produced by radio telescope equipment, worsen the observed data. With the increase of electronic components in radio telescope system, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by Interconnect communication between electronic components has appeared. Many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of researches on electromagnetic shielding and interference coupling prediction in a view of the electromagnetic interference caused by communication interconnecting equipment, but the existing electromagnetic shielding technology could not reach the demands of electromagnetic shielding for astronomical observation. The research on interference coupling of radio telescopes is still inconclusive, and the mechanism of interconnecting interference coupling of radio telescopes in ultra-high shielding environment is lacking..In this project, the interference coupling mechanism of radio telescope interconnect communication system in ultra-high shielding environment is studied by macro-performance test and electromagnetic simulation, and the design technology and method of ultra-high shielding environment are explored. It is of great significance to reveal the electromagnetic shielding mechanism and shielding effectiveness calculation method for interconnect communication systems of radio telescopes in ultra-high shielding environment, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for electromagnetic protection design of radio telescopes. This method could also be used to advanced research for the QiTai 110-meter single-panel of large radio telescope of Xinjiang Observatory on the electromagnetic compatibility design in the future.

射电望远镜具有高灵敏度和极低的信噪比的特点，易受到外部射频干扰和射电望远镜设备产生的电磁干扰，恶化观测数据。随着射电望远镜系统中电气和电子元件的增加，电子元器件间通讯互联产生的电磁干扰现象已经出现。针对通信互联设备产生的电磁干扰问题，国内外学者已经开展了很多电磁屏蔽和干扰耦合预测的研究，但是对于现有的电磁屏蔽技术仍不能满足天文观测电磁屏蔽的需求，并且对射电望远镜干扰耦合的研究还没有定论，缺少超高屏蔽环境下射电望远镜通讯互联干扰耦合机理的研究。.本项目采用宏观性能测试与电磁仿真相结合的方法进行超高屏蔽环境下射电望远镜通信互联干扰耦合机理研究，探索超高屏蔽环境的设计技术与方法，对揭示超高屏蔽环境下射电望远镜通信互联的电磁屏蔽机理和屏蔽效能计算方法有着重要意义，为射电望远镜电磁防护设计提供理论依据和技术支持，该方法也可为以后新疆天文台奇台110米大型单面板射电望远镜的电磁兼容设计作技术预研。

该项目从理论层面推导和分析了非互联状态多层屏蔽壳体屏蔽效能与层数之间的关系，并依据GB/T 12190电磁屏蔽室屏蔽效能的测量方法，建立了单层、双层、三层预测分析模型，预测分析了不同层数屏蔽体的屏蔽效能，通过与理论计算结果进行对比，验证了非互联状态多层屏蔽层数与屏蔽效能之间的关系。同时，设计加工了多层屏蔽性能测试分析实验箱体，搭建小型屏蔽体屏蔽效能测量分析平台，测量分析了多层屏蔽与屏蔽性能之间的线性关系和耦合因素，为QTT射电望远镜超高性能电磁屏蔽方案提供理论支撑。