空间生产视角下城市棕地再利用的区位评价与功能选择

The rapid urbanization and de-industrialization process has produced many under-utilized or abandoned industrial and commercial properties, commonly referred to as "brownfield".A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance,pollutant,or contaminant.Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties increases local tax bases,facilitates job growth, utilizes existing infrastructure,takes development pressures off of undeveloped, open land, and both improves and protects the environment.Despite these advantages, brownfield reclamation faces significant obstacles due to high clean up costs, insufficient investment resources,uncertain timelines and liability associated with contaminated properties. The importance of sustainable brownfield regeneration has recently been heightened by factors.However,this is a complex and multifaceted issue because much existing brownfield land not only presents environmental challenges, but also raises issues of environmental justice and social equity, since it often occurs in close proximity to disadvantaged communities.Relatively little research has systematically focuses on brownfield from the spacial view. In order to meet the practical needs of urban sustainable development to brownfield reuse,the research chooses the three typical cities- - - oil city Daqing, coal city Fushun,old industrial city Changchun as the research areas, identificating brownfield sites and building a brownfield database. Based on the this,we use the space analysis models such as cluster dimension, potential model,the Ripley's K fuction, etc. to measure the spatial characteristics of each brownfield site, spatial concentration degree, spacial accessibility, spacial association,and to evaluate the general spacial charactistics and do the accessment of location of brownfield . After the summary of the successful cases of brownfield reuse at home and abroad, and after the investigation and interview of the government,communities, enterprises and other stakeholders,we will build the theoretical frame between the brownfield spacial charactistics and reuse of paths,and propose the most proper choice of land use fuctions. In theory,the research will expand the objects of urban geography,add spacial analysis of brownfield in prespective of production of space; in approach, we will use spacial analysis with GIS to urban brownfield research, persue the mechanism of function selection under the action of spatial elements; in practice,the principal investigator will offer planners a powerful set of spatial-analytical tools, and will also be used in other cities to spacial analysis and city planning of brownfield reuse.

棕地为已废弃、闲置或未被完全利用的工业或商业用地，其扩展或再开发受现有或潜在的环境污染而变得复杂。针对城市可持续发展对棕地再利用的现实需求和棕地研究的空间视角缺失，选择东北地区具有典型意义的三个城市-石油城市大庆、煤炭城市抚顺、老工业城市长春作为研究区域，进行棕地的识别与判定，建立城市棕地GIS数据库；运用空间分析模型，综合考量棕地的空间特征和空间联系，进行区位评价；通过国内外棕地再利用成功案例的总结，以及政府、企业、社区居民等相关利益者的实地调研和深度访谈，寻求空间生产视角下棕地空间属性与再利用功能拟合的理论依据，提出土地利用功能的最适宜选择。在理论上，扩展城市地理学的研究对象，从空间生产视角完善城市棕地的空间分析,寻求空间要素作用下棕地再利用功能选择的作用机理；在方法上，将GIS空间分析方法运用至城市棕地研究中；在实践上，为棕地再利用土地功能的路径选择和城市规划建设提供定量的决策依据。

近年来土地资源紧缺和生态环境破坏促使人们日益关注棕地问题。棕地是已废弃、闲置或未被完全利用的工业或商业用地，其扩展或再开发受现有或潜在的环境污染而变得复杂。棕地再利用具有缓解环境压力、缓和城市用地紧张、控制城市蔓延、刺激经济增长等诸多功效，而土地的稀缺又使得城市土地的内涵挖潜、棕地整治与土地循环再利用成为诸多城市再生的着眼点。棕地问题不仅仅涉及地块自身改造问题，还受到周边环境及相关规划等多种因素的影响。目前国内外城市棕地的研究，对再利用的综合评价包括环境评价、财务评价、政策评价、项目完成效果等内容，环境评价和财务评价都已经实现定量化考核，但缺少从城市空间分析的角度进行棕地评价，而棕地的区位条件及土地功能选择却又是再利用过程中必须考虑的重要因素。本项研究针对城市可持续发展对棕地再利用的现实需求和棕地研究的空间视角缺失，选择东北地区具有典型意义的老工业城市长春作为研究区域，进行棕地的识别与判定，建立城市棕地GIS数据库；运用空间分析模型，综合考量棕地的空间特征和空间联系，进行区位评价；通过国内外棕地再利用成功案例的总结，以及政府、企业、社区居民等相关利益者的实地调研和深度访谈，寻求空间生产视角下棕地空间属性与再利用功能拟合的理论依据，提出土地利用功能的最适宜选择。在理论上，扩展城市地理学的研究对象，从空间生产视角完善城市棕地的空间分析,寻求空间要素作用下棕地再利用功能选择的作用机理；在方法上，将GIS空间分析方法运用至城市棕地研究中，尤其是利用城市规划图进行棕地识别的步骤和方法在我国具有很强的操作性；在实践上，提出建立健全国家层面的棕地再利用法律法规体系、建立灵活的棕地清理标准和评估监测体系、建立“明确棕地再利用项目主管部门”的多部门合作机制、成立“棕地再利用科技专项”以强化技术研究等具体措施，为棕地再利用土地功能的路径选择和城市规划建设提供定量的决策依据，