棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物的阻燃性能及其阻燃机理

Due to its biodegradability, comfortableness, biocompatibility, breathability, capability to absorb moisture, renewability and environmentally friendly properties, cotton fabric has been extensively utilized in both civilian and military fields, such as clothing, firefighter apparel, house furnishing, house decorations and military garments. However, cotton fabric is easy to be ignited and its flammability is rapid, which seriously limited the application of cotton fabric. .Alginate fibers, a type of bio-based fibers, are a kind of the inherently flame retardant materials, for example, limited oxygen index (LOI) values of barium alginate, nickel alginate, cobalt alginate, zinc alginate, and aluminum alginate are 52.0, 50.0, 45.0, 49.3 and 42.0%, respectively, and they all passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Can the addition of alginate fiber to cotton fiber improve flame retardancy of prepared cotton/alginate fabric? .In this project, kinds of alginate fiber with different metal ions will be prepared used different metal salts aqueous solution as the coagulation bath. In order to solve the problems of the formaldehyde release, environment pollution and high energy consumption in the progress of flame retardant finishing for cotton fabric, alginate fibers with higher flame retardancy will be utilized to flame retard cotton and cotton /alginate fabrics with a type of mass ratio for alginate fiber to cotton fiber will be prepared. The effect of metal ions and their content on the thermal stability, flame retardancy and pyrolysis properties of cotton /alginte fabrics will be investigated in detail. A variety of test methods will be utilized to investigate the flame retardant mechanism of cotton/alginte fabrics with metal ions. Therefore, this project has both scientific meanings and application prospects and hence to provide a scientific basis for development of environment-friendly flame retardant cotton with high flame retardancy. And this project may raise a new thought to develop a new kind of flame retardant polymeric materials.

针对棉织物阻燃整理过程中存在的甲醛释放、环境污染、能耗高等问题，本项目拟采用具有高阻燃性能的生物质纤维-海藻酸纤维作为阻燃剂，通过与棉纤维混纺制备棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物，从而达到阻燃棉织物的目的。拟采用不同金属盐的水溶液为凝固浴制得含不同金属离子的海藻酸纤维，通过与棉纤维混纺制备棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物，详细研究棉纤维与海藻酸纤维之间的相互作用、金属离子种类及含量对混纺织物热稳定性、阻燃性能、燃烧性能、热解行为的影响规律，阐明金属离子种类、含量影响棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物阻燃性能的作用机制，揭示海藻酸纤维阻燃混纺棉织物的阻燃机理；研究成果有望拓宽海藻酸纤维的应用领域，有效避免棉织物阻燃整理中存在的环保和安全问题，对于含有类似结构的其它生物质纤维及化学纤维（如黏胶纤维）的阻燃改性具有重要的参考价值，将大大丰富现有的阻燃科学理论。

针对织物阻燃整理过程中存在的甲醛释放、环境污染、能耗高等问题，本项目采用具有高阻燃性能的生物质纤维-海藻酸纤维作为阻燃剂，通过与各种纤维共混及混纺，分别制备了棉/海藻酸纤维非织造布、黏胶/海藻酸纤维非织造布、涤纶/海藻酸纤维非织造布、锦纶/海藻酸纤维非织造布及棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物、黏胶/海藻酸纤维混纺织物，从而达到阻燃各种织物的目的。详细研究了海藻酸纤维的添加量对非织造布及混纺织物的热稳定性能、阻燃性能、燃烧性能、热裂解行为的影响规律，同时研究了棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物的染色性能。研究结果表明海藻纤维的加入降低了棉/海藻酸纤维非织造布、黏胶/海藻酸纤维非织造布、涤纶/海藻酸纤维非织造布、锦纶/海藻酸纤维非织造布及棉/海藻酸纤维混纺织物、黏胶/海藻酸纤维混纺织物的初始分解温度，但是降低了以上非织造布及混纺织物的最大热分解速率，提高了其在高温区的热稳定性能，说明海藻酸纤维中的钙离子具有催化成炭的作用。海藻酸纤维的加入降低了以上非织造布及混纺织物的最大热释放速率（PHRR）、平均热释放速率（Av-HRR）、总热释放（THR），并且其PHRR、Av-HRR、THR值随着海藻酸纤维加入量的增加而降低；在相同的燃烧时间时，海藻酸纤维的加入降低了其总烟产生，说明海藻酸纤维的加入可以起到抑烟的作用。结合多种测试结果，本项目阐明了海藻酸纤维阻燃以上非织造布及混纺织物阻燃性能的作用机制，揭示了海藻酸纤维阻燃以上非织造布及混纺织物的阻燃机理。以上研究结果表明海藻酸纤维可以作为一种阻燃剂通过共混加入到棉纤维、黏胶纤维、涤纶纤维、锦纶纤维中从而达到阻燃以上纤维的目的；进而通过绿色环保的阻燃方式实现阻燃棉织物、黏胶织物、涤纶织物、锦纶织物的目的。本项目的研究成果拓宽了海藻酸纤维的应用领域，可以有效避免织物阻燃整理中存在的环保和安全问题，对于各种织物的阻燃改性具有重要的参考价值，大大丰富了现有的阻燃科学理论。