生物基大分子阻燃剂的设计合成及其在锦/棉混纺织物中的应用

Blending cotton with nylon significantly improves strength and abrasion resistance property as well as wrinkle resistance of the fabrics, while cotton in the blends provides high absorbency and soft handle property, thus improving comfortability. Nylon/cotton blends have become more and more popular in professional work uniforms and military uniforms. However, flame retardant (FR) finishing for nylon/cotton blends has not been commercially successful so far, and new technology to produce durable flame retardant nylon/cotton blend fabrics is still under the developing stage. .The renewed interest is emerging for developing sustainable solutions for flame retardant polymeric materials, and it is suggested that biomass compounds have the potential as flame retardants for polymers due to their high availability, reasonable cost and inherent properties..This project tries to develop environmental friendly technological processes with only water and ethanol as solvent involved, and then to endow nylon6/cotton blended fabric with durable flame retardancy by using a two-step method. Firstly, high efficient bio-base flame retardants containing phosphorus, nitrogen or sulfur elements are designed and synthesized through electrostatic adsorption and Schiff base reaction based on the molecular structure of nylon 6 by using bio-mass such as whey acid, taurine and wheat protein as the main raw materials, and the flame retardant polyamide 6 fibers were prepared by melt blending. Secondly, nylon/cotton fibres are woven into blended fabrics in different proportions, the reactive glycerine phosphate choline was then introduced onto the blended fabric surface with citric acid as cross-linking agent by grafting with hydroxyl groups on the surface of cotton fiber/fabric to obtain the durable flame-retardant nylon/cotton blended fabric. Finally, the synthesis reaction mechanism of bio-based flame retardants will be explored; the combustion, thermal and mechanical properties of the fabric will be characterized; the condensed structure of flame retardant polyamide fiber and the surface morphology of blended fabric will be investigated; the chemical compositions of the escaping gas and residual carbon will be analyzed; the influence of the bio-base flame retardants on the micro-morphology and the fabric surface properties and fire performance of blended fabric will be fully discussed. The flame retardant mechanism will also be proposed. It is expected that durable flame retardant nylon/cotton blend fabric with excellent fire resistance and mechanical properties will be prepared. It is suggested that to endow nylon/cotton blend fabric with durable flame retardancy by using synthesized sustainable bio-based compounds through a two-step method have not been reported so far.

本项目针对阻燃锦/棉混纺织物环保要求高、难度大的现状，创新性地使用两步法将生物基阻燃剂应用到锦/棉混纺织物的阻燃领域，开发以水和乙醇为溶剂的混纺锦/棉绿色阻燃工艺技术。首先依据尼龙6分子结构特点，以乳清酸、牛磺酸盐和小麦蛋白等生物基化合物作为主要原料，通过静电吸附及席夫碱反应，设计合成相容性优良的含磷、氮或硫元素高效生物基阻燃剂，并和尼龙6熔融共混制备阻燃纤维；其次和棉纤维按照不同比例织造成混纺织物，依据棉织物分子表面羟基丰富的特点，以柠檬酸为交联剂，将反应型生物基甘油磷酸胆碱接枝交联到混纺织物表面，制备性能优良的耐久阻燃锦/棉混纺织物；最后探索生物基阻燃剂的合成反应机制，表征织物的燃烧性能、热性能和机械性能，研究阻燃锦纶纤维的凝聚态结构和混纺织物的表面形貌，分析逸出气体和残炭的化学组成，阐明生物基阻燃剂对锦纶微观形态和织物表面性能的影响规律，进而揭示生物基阻燃剂在混纺织物中的阻燃机理。

本项目首先依据尼龙6分子和棉织物的分子结构特点，以生物基化合物作为主要原料，通过静电吸附及席夫碱反应，设计合成了相容性优良的含磷、氮或硫元素高效生物基阻燃剂；依据棉织物分子表面羟基丰富的特点，构筑生物基阻燃层到混纺织物表面，制备性能优良的耐久阻燃棉织物和锦/棉混纺织物；最后探索生物基阻燃剂的合成反应机制，表征织物的燃烧性能、热性能和机械性能，研究阻燃锦纶纤维的凝聚态结构和混纺织物的表面形貌，分析逸出气体和残炭的化学组成，阐明生物基阻燃剂对棉织物和锦纶微观形态和织物表面性能的影响规律，进而揭示生物基阻燃剂在混纺织物中的阻燃机理。