基于碳纳米三维网络电热功能的高效、轻质防/除冰系统

Efficient and reliable anti-icing/deicing is an important guarantee of flight safety for aircrafts. Aiming at the bottleneck problems of low efficiency and high energy consumption, local overheating and excessive quality for active laminated electric heating anti-icing/deicing system, we construct a multi-layer electric heating anti-icing/deicing system with continuous matrix, fuzzy interface and directional thermal conduction properties through interface activation composite. Using a high dielectric elastic polymer as the matrix, the system is composed of an external insulating thermal conductive layer, a central electric heating function layer and an internal conductive insulating layer. By constructing a structure of macro-scale carbon nanotubes three-dimensional network, and controlling the electrical performance, it can be used as a lightweight and flexible electric heating element. Through the structure-performance relationship of each functional layer, structure and the structure control mechanism, and research on multi-layer composite structure design, performance prediction method and the interface control mechanism, it is expected to achieve a lightweight and flexible system with efficient heating and directional heat transfer properties and acquire rapid and efficient anti-icing/deicing performance, which will exhibit good application prospects in civil aircrafts.

高效、可靠的防/除冰技术是航空器飞行安全的重要保障。针对现役叠层式电热防/除冰系统“质量、能源负荷重，热传输效率低，易局部过热”等瓶颈问题，本项目提出以高介电柔性高分子为统一基体，由具不同功能的“底部绝缘隔热层、中部电热功能层、顶部绝缘导热层”进行组合，构成连续基体的复层式防/除冰结构。构造碳纳米材料的三维多孔宏观结构，并进行电性能调控，作为核心的轻质、柔性电热功能体；通过对介电高分子复合材料导热性能的调控，实现底层、顶层传热行为的差别化，增强热量的定向传输效应；通过对层间界面调控方法的研究，构造基体/界面分子链统一交联体系，实现界面模糊化与基体连续化。该复层结构具有良好的轻质化特性，并可实现热量的无界面、低热阻、定向化传输，应用于航空防/除冰系统，有望具有更加高效、稳定的防/除冰功能和更低的质量、能量负荷，满足民用航空的发展需求。

高效、可靠的防/除冰技术是航空器飞行安全的重要保障。针对现役叠层式电热防/除冰系统“质量、能源负荷重，热传输效率低，易局部过热”等瓶颈问题，本项目以高介电柔性高分子为统一基体，由具不同功能的“底部绝缘隔热层、中部电热功能层、顶部绝缘导热层”进行组合，构成了连续基体的复层式防/除冰结构。构造了碳纳米材料的三维多孔宏观结构，并进行了电性能调控，作为核心的轻质、柔性电热功能体；通过对介电高分子复合材料导热性能的调控，实现了底层、顶层传热行为的差别化，增强了热量的定向传输效应；通过在各功能层材料表面活化、引入连接官能团的方法将各功能体有效结构先交接在一起，然后真空辅助一体成型，实现了界面模糊化与基体连续化。通过冰风洞测试实验，验证了该复层结构具有良好的防除冰性能，防冰功率与除冰功率分别为1.0 W/cm2和0.6 W/cm2，低于现在通用的功率。通过对该电加热材料的不断改进、防护区域的不断优化，我们相信，该电加热复层结构最终使用的功率会越来越低。该复层结构具有良好的轻质化特性，实现了热量的无界面、低热阻、定向化传输，实现了“连续基体、模糊界面、梯度功能、定向传热”，获得了高效、稳定的防/除冰性能。