结构面作用下深部岩体隧洞岩爆的类型及机制研究

Rockburst is a serious threat to the safety of deep tunnels, economic loss and staff casualties are often caused by such rockbursts. Research about the mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels effect by structural plane is very seldom. This project aims to reveal the dynamic failure mechanism through theoretical study, monitoring analysis, numerical analysis and model test. The content of the project includes: the evolution proccess of rockburst in deep tunnels, those factors influencing the rockbrusts in deep tunnel excavations were analysed and the scope of rock damage in the evolution of rockbursts in deep tunnels was ensure. Numerical calculation model was set up according to the characteristic of structural plane, which tends to reveal the mechanism of the rockburst in deep tunnels effect by structural plane, based on which the evaluation system for rockburst could be improved. Failure mechanism and fractal behaviour of microcracks in the process of rock failure were analyzed, the mechanism to different type rockbursts were also explained according to the influence of the surface plane.The research results from this project can provide necessary scientific basis and support for the safe design of deep tunnels.

岩爆严重的威胁着深部岩体隧洞的施工安全，由此造成大量的人员伤亡及财产损失，而目前在结构面作用下岩爆灾害的机制研究非常少见。本项目拟采用理论研究、监测分析、数值分析、模型试验等研究方法，针对结构面作用下深部岩体隧洞岩爆灾害机制展开如下研究：研究深埋隧洞岩爆灾害的演化过程，分析关键性因素对岩爆发生的影响，确定不同开挖方式下结构面对岩爆的影响范围；从结构面的特征出发建立数值计算模型，揭示不同类型结构面作用下岩爆的孕育及发生机制，完善岩爆灾变类型的评价体系；运用实验的手段对不同类型结构面影响下岩石的破裂机制及微裂隙的产生、发展、动态集合过程进行分形特征分析，从机理上分析结构面对不同类型岩爆孕育机制的影响作用。本项目的研究成果可以为我国深部岩体隧洞开挖过程的安全设计提供必要的科学依据和支撑。

项目采用理论研究、监测分析、数值分析与模型试验相结合研究方法，针对结构面作用下深部岩体隧洞岩爆灾害机制展开如下研究。首先，研究了深埋隧洞岩爆灾害的演化过程，分析了关键性因素对岩爆发生的影响，并确定了不同开挖方式下结构面对岩爆的影响范围；然后，揭示了不同类型结构面作用下岩爆的孕育及发生机制，完善了岩爆灾变类型的评价体系；最后，对不同类型结构面影响下岩石的破裂机制及微裂隙的产生、发展、动态集合过程进行分形特征分析，从机理上分析与总结了结构面对不同类型岩爆（应变型岩爆、应变结构面滑移型岩爆）孕育机制的影响机制与控制作用。项目的研究成果可以为我国深部岩体隧洞开挖过程中岩爆灾害的预测、预警及动态调控设计提供必要的科学依据和技术支撑。项目共资助培养硕士研究生5名；资助录用/发表学术论文14篇（其中SCI检索4篇，EI检索5篇）；资助受理/授权发明专利9项，资助授权软件著作7项。