强动力扰动下深部岩体断裂滑移型岩爆的产生机理与破坏效应

The geomechanical environment of deep rock mass is complex, which is characterized by three “high” and one “disturbance”. In deep rock mass, fracture-slip rockburst induced by geological structural plane is generally destructive, large-range impacted, and sudden violent. Slip rockburst has caused enormous damage and serious consequences to deep underground engineering and mining engineering. This project aims at the mechanisms of fracture-slip rockburst in deep rock mass. The internal relationship of stress concentration, damage fracture and evolution law of energy accumulation, transfer, and release near the structural plane in deep rock mass under the changes of high crustal stress environmental is to be revealed by laboratory tests. Then, the temporal and spatial evolution laws of deformation field, stress field and energy field near the structural plane under the combined effect of high crustal stress and strong dynamic disturbance will be revealed. Dynamic failure modes of structural plane will be established. The mechanisms of fracture-slip rockburst in deep rock mass induced by the strong dynamic disturbance will be identified as well. In addition, the stress and energy comprehensive failure criterion of fracture-slip rockburst, as well as its quantitative analysis and evaluation method of the shattering effect is to be proposed. The project will promote the mechanics theory development of deep rock mass, and provide theoretical basis for controlling the dynamic disaster of deep rock mass engineering, which is a key technical problem to be solved in deep energy development and utilization. Thus, the research results have a very wide application prospects.

深部岩体处于“三高一扰动”的复杂地质力学环境下，地质结构面诱发的断裂滑移型岩爆往往具有破坏性强、冲击范围大、发生突然而猛烈的特点，对深部地下工程和采矿工程造成巨大破坏和严重后果。本项目以断裂滑移型岩爆为主要研究对象，通过室内实验揭示高地应力作用环境变化下深部岩体结构面附近应力集中、损伤断裂模式与能量集聚、转移、释放的内在关系与演化发展规律，阐明高地应力作用和强动力扰动组合效应下岩体结构面附近变形场、应力场、能量场的时空演化规律，建立岩体结构面的动力破坏模式，揭示强动力扰动诱发深部含结构面岩体断裂滑移的岩爆产生机理，提出断裂滑移型岩爆的应力、能量综合破坏准则，定量分析和评估断裂滑移型岩爆的危险度。本项目研究工作将推动深部岩体力学理论的发展，为控制深部岩体工程的动力灾害提供理论依据，这是我国深部能源开发利用中亟待解决的重大工程关键技术问题，其研究成果具有十分广泛的应用前景。

深部岩体处于“三高一扰动”的复杂地质力学环境下，地质结构面诱发的断裂滑移型岩爆往往具有破坏性强、冲击范围大、发生突然而猛烈的特点，对深部地下工程和采矿工程造成巨大破坏和严重后果。本项目通过室内试验、数值模拟和理论分析，结合白鹤滩、双江口地下厂房、三道山矿山、桃花嘴矿等深部地下工程的现场监测数据，对高地应力下深部含结构面岩体的宏细观力学特性、动力扰动下深部含结构面岩体的能量场时空演化与分布规律、断裂滑移型岩爆发生机理、深埋地下洞室的动力响应等问题开展了研究。基于花岗岩原岩试件的三轴压缩与卸荷试验与声发射试验，考虑裂隙倾角、长度、围压、卸荷比等因素的影响，研究了深部含结构面岩体的断裂破坏模式与强度变形特征，分析了深部含结构面岩体的能量积聚与耗散过程；基于微扰动下的三轴试验，研究了不同动力因素和结构面倾角下裂隙岩体强度变形特征和能量演化规律，揭示了微扰动和卸荷耦合作用下裂隙岩体的能量释放特征；基于分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验与PFC2D颗粒流数值模拟，从细观角度研究了砂岩试样的动态力学特性和破坏形态特征；基于岩石动力环境下的剪切断裂试验研究，系统分析了深部结构面岩体的剪切强度特性、变形特征、破坏形态等，并探讨了动力扰动诱发断裂滑移型岩爆机理；基于双江口地下厂房工程，阐述了高地应力、频繁扰动及结构面协同作用下断裂滑移型岩爆的破坏机理，并提出“扰动弱化因子”概念，实现定量评价外部扰动对岩体的弱化效应；基于白鹤滩水电站、桃花杉矿山等深部地下洞室的爆破振动测试，研究了爆破开挖下交叉洞室和围岩的动力响应规律；并研究了不同爆破方法下的成缝效果，提出了基于V型切槽爆破和时序控制等精细爆破方法的地下洞室爆破灾害控制优化设计方法，本项目研究工作对深部岩体力学理论的发展、深部岩体工程的动力灾害的控制了新的理论依据和技术支持，其研究成果在我国深部能源开发利用中具有广阔的应用前景。