爆破荷载动力扰动下的长大隧洞岩爆控制机理研究

With the increasing in the number and expanding the scale of underground engineering in China, increasingly prominent on rockburst disaster. Past researches on rockburst had mostly based on static theory. The dynamic disturbances of blasting which are closely related to breed and stimulate rockburst had lacked research in depth.The rockburst geological disaster in construction induced by dynamic disturbance of blasting in deep buried diversion tunnel in western high stress area was regarded as research background for the subject. Based on rock dynamics theory, multi approaches, such as dynamic photoelastic model experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, will have applied comprehensively. Firstly, the disturbance protection tests that blasting stress wave of excavating face to excavated surrounding rock in the axial tunnel will have carried out. The weaken effects that preseting cracks which are from excavating face different distances and different geometric forms to blasting stress wave in the aixal path of propagation will have focus studied. Secondly, the rock dynamic disturbance response model will have constructed. The propagating and attenuation laws of blasting stress wave in surrounding rock will have analysed. The damage theories of surrounding rock(microcosmic to mesoscopic) under multiple stress wave disturbance will have researched. The disturbance response criterion of rockburst will have proposed. Finally, the comprehensive and reasonable control mechanisms of rockburst under dynamic disturbance of blasting in long tunnel will have explored. The rockburst control scheme based on reducing the dynamic disturbance will have proposed. The researches will provide guidance and scientific basis for safe design and construction in deep rock engineering.

随着我国地下工程数量不断增加以及规模的不断扩大，岩爆灾害问题日益突出，过去对岩爆问题的研究多以静力学理论为基础，对与岩爆灾害孕育及激发过程密切相关的爆破等动力扰动问题还缺乏全面深入的研究。本项目以西部高应力区深埋引水隧洞施工过程中爆破开挖动力扰动诱发岩爆灾害为研究背景，以岩石动力学理论为基础，综合运用动态光弹模型试验、理论分析和数值模拟手段，通过开展掌子面爆破应力波对隧洞轴向已开挖围岩的扰动防护试验，重点研究预设裂缝离掌子面不同距离、不同几何形态下对爆破应力波能量沿隧洞轴向传播路径上的削弱作用；进而构建围岩动力扰动响应模型，分析爆破应力波在围岩中的传播、衰减规律，研究应力波多重扰动情况下围岩(微观-细观)的破坏理论，提出岩爆的扰动响应判据；最终探索较全面、合理的爆破荷载动力扰动下长大隧洞的岩爆控制机理，并提出基于降低动力扰动的岩爆控制方案，为指导深部岩体工程的安全设计与施工提供科学依据。

随着我国地下工程数量不断增加以及规模的不断扩大，岩爆灾害问题日益突出，过去对岩爆问题的研究多以静力学理论为基础，对与岩爆灾害孕育及激发过程密切相关的爆破等动力扰动问题还缺乏全面深入的研究。本项目以西部高应力区深埋引水隧洞施工过程中爆破开挖动力扰动诱发岩爆灾害为研究背景，以岩石动力学理论为基础，综合运用室内模型试验、理论分析和数值模拟手段，通过开展掌子面爆破应力波对隧洞轴向已开挖围岩的扰动防护试验，重点研究了预设裂缝离掌子面不同距离、不同几何形态下对爆破应力波能量沿隧洞轴向传播路径上的削弱作用；通过分析爆破应力波在围岩中的传播、衰减规律，构建围岩动力扰动响应模型，提出了围岩失稳的扰动响应判据；在此基础上，研究了动静耦合作用下围岩的响应特征，并提出了基于降低动力扰动的岩爆控制方案，为指导深部岩体工程的安全设计与施工提供了科学依据。