大城市建成区保障性住房平衡布局模式与空间匹配方法研究

This research focuses on urban built-up area which have many actual characteristics such as superior location, complete urban infrastructure，high landprices，high density development，and complicated renewal process, adapt to such transitioninitiatedby the new urbanization as the urbanization of rural population, indemnificatory housing being a lead role, livelihood issues becoming significant，high-efficiency problem being solved in low-carbon way , aim at the problem of supremacy of economic results，lack of indemnificatory housing, unbalanced population distribution，mixed place of work and life，urban traffic jams, which is occured during rapid urbanizated transition in built-up area. By making an overall use of the theory of urban and rural planning，sociology，architecture and low carbon science, this research analyzing the laws of activity between work-association and residence-livelihood in low-income community, obtainingthe impact factors and related parameterization method of which will have an effect on indemnificatory housing in urban built-up area，presenting a new methodto calculate the amount of indemnificatory housing in each mixed-use area unit in urban built-up area, inventing aparameterizedtechnology to allocate indemnificatory housing in urban built-up area，proposing abalanceingpattern of indemnificatory housing layout in urban built-up area,and seeking a planning method of indemnificatory housing for mixed-use area in urban built-up area. In such a way, the planning level of urban renewal in built-up area can be raised, the social fair that low-income community should have their own living space can be ensured, and the new urbanization will get a benign development.

本项目基于大城市建成区“区位优越、公交密集、寸土寸金、高大密实、更新困难”的现实特点，适应新型城镇化“农村人口城镇化、保障住房主体化、民生问题首位化、高效发展低碳化”等快速转型新趋势，针对大城市建成区快速城镇化所出现的“经济效益至上、保障住房缺失、人口分布失衡、工作生活交错、城市交通拥堵”等问题，综合运用城乡规划学、社会学、建筑学、低碳科学等学科理论，解析大城市建成区现状功能空间结构特征与低收入者工作分布规律，凝练大城市建成区保障性住房的相关影响因子及其参数化方法，研发大城市建成区综合功能区保障性住房的配比指标测算方法，研发大城市建成区保障性住房参数化空间配置技术平台，提出其用地平衡布局模式，探寻大城市复杂现状功能街区动态嵌入保障房的空间匹配设计方法，以提升大城市建成区更新发展规划技术水平，保障大城市低收入人群居住空间的社会公平，促进新型城镇化良性发展。

针对大城市建成区低收入者职住时空间错位、保障性住房需求侧与供给侧失配、建成环境约束下可建地稀缺的现状，通过大规模实地勘察和网络开源数据提取、保障性住房空间布局与既有模式综合分析、低收入者自主式市场租房和工作地选择特征与影响因子体系、规划设计创作与实证以及政府主管部门工程实践试点的技术支持等方法，提出了“综合功能区定分区+潜在工作地定供给+市场租金定需求”的大城市建成区保障性住房供需多元匹配方法；形成了“粗调+精调”双平衡规划布局技术体系；建立了对应的规划设计量化方法；提出了适合大城市建成区社会经济发展状况、复杂建成条件和政策管理的保障性住房平衡布局模式，并形成相应的规划设计导则示范。研发出《基于GIS的保障性住房空间分布适宜性评价工具系统》，联合相关单位编制了陕西省《城镇住区公共服务设施配置标准》。利用理论研究成果，分别完成1个政府保障性住房管理部门项目的技术示范和多项包含保障性住房布局与定量预测的城镇建成区规划设计实践项目。示范应用表明，课题提出的保障性住房平衡布局模式与规划技术体系可在结合大城市建成区特征条件下，从保障性住房的规划目标与指标体系、供需多元优化匹配、关键支撑技术多个方面，构建符合大城市建成区新型城镇化发展要求的保障性住房规划方法, 形成大城市建成区保障性住房规划的总体框架与操作步骤。研究成果对提升大城市保障性住房目标预测、规划技术和建设发展政策的综合绩效，引导低收入者居住环境的可持续性发展有积极推动作用。