基于二维黑磷/超小贵金属异质结的高效广谱光催化剂的制备和应用研究

The development of highly efficiency broad-spectrum photocatalyst has attracted much attention in recent years. As a new type of two-dimensional semiconductor, black phosphorus (BP) has many advantages, such as broad absorption range, efficient photon-electron conversion efficiency, high carrier mobility, large specific surface area and more active sites, which has great potential in photocatalysis field. However, it is difficult to improve the photocatalytic activity of BP due to its low stability and high carrier recombination rate. In this project, we plan to prepare highly efficient broad-spectrum photocatalysts based on BP/ultrasmall noble nanoparticles heterostructure, which could improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of BP at the same time. First, the BP/ultrasmall noble nanoparticles heterostructure will be synthesized according to the metal-π interaction. Then, the stability and photocatalytic activity of the heterostructure in various photocatalytic systems will be studied. With the aid of characterization, activity analysis, and theoretical calculation, we will explore the intrinsic mechanism of enhanced stability and activity of BP. By adjusting the species, size and loading amount of noble metal particles, several broad-spectrum photocatalyst based on the BP/ultrasmall noble metal heterostructure will be achieved. The implementation of this project will provide new materials and the related theoretical basis for the design of broad-spectrum photocatalyst, and further promote the wide application of photocatalysis technology. It also provides reference for the preparation and application of other semiconductor/metal heterojunction photocatalysts.

高效广谱光催化剂的开发是目前光催化领域的研究热点。当前被广泛研究的二维黑磷具有可调的直接带隙、吸收范围广、光耦合效率高、载流子迁移率快、比表面积大、活性位点多等众多优势，却受限于稳定性不高、光生载流子复合过快等问题。本项目拟通过构筑黑磷/超小贵金属异质结的方式，同时提高其稳定性和光催化活性，制备新型高性能广谱光催化剂。项目首先基于金属-π强相互作用，实现超小贵金属纳米颗粒在黑磷表面的原位还原，形成黑磷/超小贵金属异质结；随后开展该异质结在不同光催化体系下稳定性与光催化活性的研究；并通过材料表征、性能分析与理论计算相结合，研究材料稳定性与活性增强的内在机制。通过调控金属种类、尺寸、负载量等，获得高效黑磷/超小贵金属异质结广谱光催化剂。通过本项目的研究，将为新型广谱光催化剂的设计提供新的材料和相关理论基础，推动光催化技术的广泛应用，并且为其他金属/半导体异质结催化剂的制备和应用提供借鉴和参考。

二维黑磷具有可调的直接带隙、吸收范围广、光耦合效率高、载流子迁移率快、比表面积大、活性位点多等众多优势。目前针对黑磷的研究大多针对其物理特性，其化学特性鲜少报道。在本项目的研究中，通过构筑黑磷/金属异质结的方法，制备了一系列高效光电催化剂，包括黑磷/铂，黑磷/镍，黑磷/钌等多种异质结，发现了黑磷对铂族金属独特的化学作用力。研究了多种黑磷金属异质结在光催化、电催化等方面的应用与性能。精细表征了黑磷金属催化剂的各项化学、物理以及电子结构。深入研究了黑磷金属催化剂在不同催化应用过程中的反应机理。通过本项目的研究，将为金属催化剂的设计提供新的材料和相关理论基础，并且为其他金属/半导体异质结催化剂的制备和应用提供借鉴和参考。