压电发电机自动变频谐振共轭匹配高效能量提取电路及其关键技术

The high-efficiency energy harvesting circuit is a key technical problem of the piezoelectric generator. Based on the development demand of the piezoelectric generator and the original scientific technology innovation, this project proposes a high-efficiency energy harvesting circuit and its universal integrated chip for the different piezoelectric-generators by using automatic resonant up-conversion conjugate matching method. By monitoring the charging power and adjusting the matching inductance automatically, this circuit can realize the high-efficiency conjugate matching and obtain the maximum output power. This project firstly proposes a high-Q-value quartz-resonance energy-accumulation matching circuit. This circuit can accumulate and amplify the weak ultra-low-threshold signal, and produce a stronger voltage/power output. This project presents the up-conversion conjugate-matching high-efficiency energy harvesting circuit for the piezoelectric generator, which can solve the inter-neutralization problem at a low-frequency resonant matching. By improving the Q-value of the up-conversion resonance loop, the nonlinear up-conversion loss will be decreased, and the high-efficiency energy transducer and harvester can be realized. This project studies the instantaneous discharging circuit for wireless sensor network, which can accumulate weak energy during long period and provide a higher power output in a very short time. The proposed principle and method of the energy harvesting management circuit has broken through the existing limit, and increased the output power and total efficiency greatly. Through this project research, a new-generation energy harvesting technology for piezoelectric generator with complete independent intellectual property rights and wider application fields can be developed.

高效能量采集电路是压电发电机必须解决的核心关键问题。项目立足于压电发电机迅猛发展的需求，着眼于原始科技创新，提出针对不同压电发电机的高效自动上变频匹配能量采集电路。通过监测充电功率，自动调节匹配电感值，自动实现高效谐振共轭匹配，满足最大功率输出，易于实现集成芯片。首次提出高Q值石英晶振无源谐振聚能匹配电路，使得微弱、超低阈值信号能够积累和放大，产生更强的输出电压和功率。提出上变频、共轭匹配压电发电机高效能量采集电路，解决压电发电机在低频随机信号谐振匹配能量收集时的相互“抵消”问题。通过提高变频谐振回路Q值，降低非线性变频损耗，实现高效能量转换和采集。研究针对无线传感器节点电能瞬间释放电路，长期储存弱能量，瞬间输出更大功率。提出的能量采集器管理电路原理和方法，突破现有限制，大幅度提高能量采集电路输出功率和总效率，发展拥有完全自主知识产权的、新一代的、有更广应用领域的压电发电机能量采集器技术。

项目严格按照计划书目标开展研究，超额完成所有目标，还针对发现新问题开展多项研究，并设计、加工、封装、测试130nm集成电路芯片。提出针对不同压电发电机自动实现高效自动匹配能量采集电路，自动调节与不同压电元件匹配电感值，实现谐振共轭匹配，满足最大功率输出。提出用石英晶振和高Q值电感构造无源谐振聚能匹配电路，实现针对微弱环境压电发电机高效能量采集。提出上变频共轭匹配压电发电机高效能量采集电路，实现了随机信号高效能量收集。 创新性提出无辅助电源、间隙工作、超低功耗的控制电路，开机后快速进入高效工作模式，避免冷启动。控制电路功耗低于1μW，整个管理电路功耗低于5μW。 研制出全新的压电发电机高效能量提取电路集成电路芯片和测试系统，功耗低于5μW，效率高于80%，为大面积推广和应用奠定基础。在执行项目期间，总共发表45篇研究论文，其中SCI收录文章29篇，EI收录文章41篇，国外会议特邀报告2次；培养博士生10人，硕士生15人，指导1位博士生2016年获中国仪器仪表学会测量控制与仪器仪表领域全国优秀博士学位论文；申请发明专利18项，其中8项获得授权。