电线电压和电流自供电非接触在线监测技术研究

The on-line monitoring for electric power lines is a key technical problem of smart grid. Based on the demand of the smart grid and the original innovation, this project proposes a self-powered on-line monitor technology for detecting voltage and current in electric power lines which has widely potential application merits in many fields. All monitoring devices harvest the magnetoelectric energy from electric power lines, and constitute the long-life non-maintenance self-contained smart monitor system. This project proposes a self-powered wireless non-invansion integrated current and voltage sensor which can guarantee the safety of the electric network and the monitoring system, and realize the miniature and the independence of the sensor. This project presents a non-contact voltage measurement method which can eliminate the effect of the distributed capacitance between the sensor and the electric wire. This method resolves the puzzle of the fast high-precise non-contact detecting voltage in the electric wire. This project proposes a zero-biased high-efficiency magnetoelectric composite transducer for havesting magnetoelectric energy efficiently. This transducer consists of the magnetostrictive material, the piezoelectric material, the high-permeability film material and the high-Q-value tuning fork structure. This project proposes a management circuit which can guarantee the sensor and the energy harvester to operate at a high-sensitivity high-efficiency self-powering mode. This project proposes a nonlinear dampling resonant structure which havests magnetoelectric energy safely and efficiently at a large current dynamic range. Through this project research, the self-powered monitor system principle and method for detecting voltage and current in electric power lines can be proposed, and a new-generation monitoring technology for the smart grid with complete independent intellectual property rights can be developed.

对电线供电状态在线监测，是智能电网的关键技术问题。立足于智能电网的需求，着眼于原始科技创新，提出一种具有潜在广泛应用价值的自供电电线电压电流在线非接触监测技术。所有监测装置从电线获取电磁能，构成长期、免维护自洽的智能监测系统。提出自供能、无线、非侵入、一体化的电流电压传感器，确保电网及监测系统安全，还实现传感器微型化和独立自足。提出一种消除传感器与电线间分布电容影响的非接触电压测量方法，解决快速、高精度非接触检测电线电压难题。提出用磁致伸缩材料、压电材料、高磁导率薄膜材料、高Q值音叉结构构造零磁场偏置高效磁电复合换能器，高效采集电磁能量。提出一种传感器和采集器管理电路，保证传感器和采集器高灵敏、高效自供电工作。提出非线性阻尼谐振结构，能在大电流动态范围，高效安全采集磁电能量。通过本项目研究，提出自供电电线状态监测系统原理和技术实现方法，发展拥有完全自主知识产权的新一代自治智能电网监测技术。

对电线供电状态在线监测，是智能电网的关键技术问题。本项目立足于智能电网的需求，着眼于原始科技创新，提出一种具有广泛应用价值的自供电电线电压电流在线非接触监测技术。所有监测装置从电线获取电磁能，构成长期、免维护自洽的智能监测系统。取得方面许多突破，还建立了电力线状态监测的仪器系统。提出自全式自供能、无线、非侵入、一体化的电流电压传感器，提出三种非接触电流测量方法，能够无需偏置构成微型环形复合磁电结构，还能够通过上变频大幅度提高50Hz低频电流测量灵敏度。在1A-1000A测量范围，测量电流分辨率达到10mA。提出一种消除传感器与电线间分布电容影响的非接触线圈激励电压测量方法，解决快速、高精度非接触检测电线电场/电压难题，测量距离超过10cm以上，电压分辨率小于1V。还提出采用变容二极管的电压非接触测量方法，能够非常容易构成低功耗测量电压的系统。提出用磁致伸缩材料、压电材料、高磁导率薄膜材料、高Q值谐振结构构造零磁场偏置高效磁电复合换能器，高效采集电磁能量，在磁场为0.5Oe时，采集器的最大功率密度为147.83μW/cm3。提出了采集多根电线的Halbach阵列磁场能量采集器，用很小体积获得非常高的能量。在10A的电力线周围，采集器的最大功率密度为3mW/cm3，大幅度提高获取电力线磁能的能力。提出一种针对压电采集器的上变频匹配管理电路，大幅度提高换能器到储能元件的能量转化效率，效率达到44%，保证采集器高效自供电工作。提出自全式自供电电线状态监测原理并研制出自全式自供电电线状态监测系统，发展拥有完全自主知识产权的新一代自治智能电网监测技术。在重庆和南京等地分布许多无线传感器节点，远程监测电力线工作状态，确保电力线安全工作。课题发表SCI论文45篇，EI论文50篇，申请中国发明专利3项，获发明专利授权3项。共培养博士后1名，博士生7名，硕士生16名。指导1名学生入选中国仪器仪表学会全国优博论文，指导2名学生入选重庆市优博论文。