河湟地区民族建筑地域适应性研究

Hehuang area is the most typical representative district of ethnic and cultural diversity in China, and it also is an interwoven with Islamic culture, Tibetan Buddhism culture and Confucian culture, where urban and rural construction are threatened by the traditional culture vanishing, ecological deterioration and many other issues due to the fragile ecological environment problems, backward economic development and complex ethnic relations.This project takes the intrinsic relation of material environment, human environment element and national architecture in specific area as the research entry point with the synthetic application of the theory of cultural ecology, human relations, geography and other theories. This paper analyzes the evolution law of mutual adaptability between national architecture and natural environment, ethnic religion, economic technology, political system and other regional elements and manifestation in Hehuang area，and reveals the mutual adaptation coupling relationship and internal motivation between the forms of human construction activities - regional environment –resident and settlement, through field investigation and the mapping work of typical cases. In addition, it also clarifies indication of the architectural space form, construction technology, decorative arts and nationalities and other regional adaptability in Hehuang area from the material level Symbolic and reveals the response mechanism of the ecological wisdom, national craft, cultural aesthetic and other traditional architectural cultural values on the regional environmental development from the spiritual level.At the same time, the paper take these as the keystone for exploring the regional adaptability in Hehuang national ethnic area and optimizing the adptable strategy to achieve the symbiotic sustainable development between human construction activities,contemporary natural,humanities and social environment to provide a basic reference for the construction of harmonious living environment in this area.

河湟地区是伊斯兰文化、藏传佛教文化和中原儒家文化交流融汇之地，是多元族群与文化多样性最典型的代表性区域，由于生态环境脆弱、经济发展落后、民族关系复杂，当前城乡建设面临传统文化消退、生态恶化等诸多问题。本项目以特定区域自然和文化生态环境与民族建筑的内在关联性作为切入点，综合运用文化生态学、人地关系学、地域建筑学等理论，通过田野调查和典型案例的调研测绘工作，系统研究河湟地区民族建筑与自然资源、社会文化及经济技术要素相互作用下的演变过程及表现形态，揭示人类营建活动——地域环境——建筑、聚落形态之间相互适应的藕合关系和内在动因，挖掘河湟地区聚落和建筑适应发展变化中的地域环境的营建规律，及其反映出的营建理念对人类营建活动与地域环境复合作用的响应机制，以此为依据探索适应地区脆弱生态环境和多样民族文化的建筑优化调适策略，实现人类营建活动与当代地域环境的共生可持续发展，为地区和谐人居环境建设提供参考依据。

河湟地区地处蒙古高原、青藏高原和黄土高原交界地带，也是伊斯兰文化、藏传佛教文化和中原儒家文化交流融汇之地，独特的地理位置、气候条件，多元的民族和宗教文化造就了丰富的地区民族建筑。全球一体化背景下少数民族文化在外来文化的冲击下成为弱势文化，民族建筑文化多样性保护面临困境。项目理论层面引入文化生态学、人地关系学和建筑学适应性理论，以动态方法揭示人类营建活动、地域环境、建筑之间相互适应关系及其发展的内在规律。在分析建筑与自然资源和社会文化环境相互适应的演进阶段以及建筑地域适应性的调节反馈机制基础上构建了建筑地域适应性概念性的理论框架；从聚落、民居、宗教建筑三个层次解析民族建筑在不同发展阶段适应性演变的过程和规律；将不同民族建筑文化置于河湟地区整体环境之中，认识和发掘建筑对地域自然和人文环境的适应性，以及建筑文化价值观对地域环境的反馈和调节机制。从自然生态观的建立、宗教环境意向的建构和多元民族建筑文化的整合三个层面，阐述了基于“地域性限定”与“民族性选择”的建筑地域适应性的调节和反馈机制。项目借鉴多学科研究视角从整体性和动态性两方面提高河湟地区民族建筑文化研究的广度和深度，为地区和谐人居环境建设提供参考依据。