多元文化视角下河湟民族走廊传统宗教建筑研究

Hehuang Nationality Corridor is located in the intersection among Loess Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Mongolian Plateau. Nomadic culture, farming culture, Tibetan Buddhist culture, Islamic culture and Confucian culture are interacted with each other. The crowning achievement of regional political culture, economic technology and artistic development are represented by abundant and various religious architecture, which has great value to science and art. From the perspective of multiculture, this project analyzes regional and transitional character in the matter of spatial distribution, building deformation, construction technology and decorative art based on field investigation as well as surveying and mapping work of typical religious architecture in Hehuang Nationality Corridor. Through comparing the evolvement rules and dominant cultural factors of religious architecture of each nation with reference to spatial distribution and time series，this project not only explores the effect of different nations and religious culture on religious architecture but also analyzes the regional and transitional characters in the matter of spatial distribution, architectural deformation, construction technology and decorative art. In addition, this project applies the concept of contemporary cultural heritage conservation to integrate and optimize national, local and traditional construction technology as well as establishment of wisdom. The study probes into the cultural heritage conservation of religious architecture and inheritance strategy which adapt to unique nature of Hehuang Nationality Corridor and humanistic eco-environment, which offers reference not only for saving and protecting regional and traditional construction culture heritage, but also for inheritance and development of regional national culture.

河湟民族走廊位于黄土高原、青藏高原和蒙古高原交错地带，游牧文化、农耕文化、藏传佛教文化、伊斯兰文化、儒家文化在这里碰撞交融，数量巨大、类型丰富的宗教建筑代表了地区政治文化、经济技术和艺术发展的最高成就，具有重要的科学和艺术价值。本项目拟从多元文化角度，以建筑学、类型学、宗教学等多学科的理论和方法，在对河湟民族走廊宗教建筑典型案例进行实地调研和测绘的基础上，通过研究各类型宗教建筑在空间分布上的特征和时间序列上的演变规律及主导性文化因素，探寻地区不同民族和宗教文化对宗教建筑的影响，分析其在空间布局、建筑形制、建造工艺、装饰艺术等方面的地域性与过渡性特征；运用当代文化遗产保护理念对民族性、地方性传统建筑技艺精华进行整合与优化，探讨与河湟民族走廊独特自然和人文生态环境相适应的宗教建筑文化遗产整体性保护策略，为抢救和保护地区传统建筑文化遗产，传承和发展地区民族文化提供借鉴和参考。

河湟民族走廊位于黄土高原、青藏高原和蒙古高原交错地带，游牧文化、农耕文化、藏传佛教文化、伊斯兰文化、儒家文化在这里碰撞交融，数量巨大、类型丰富的宗教建筑代表了地区政治文化、经济技术和艺术发展的最高水平，具有重要的科学和艺术价值。本项目引入建筑学、类型学、宗教学等多学科的理论，运用田野调查和实地测绘的方法，首先从多元文化视角分析河湟民族走廊三大文化圈影响下“多元共生”的宗教建筑文化生成环境，纵向解析河湟民族走廊传统宗教建筑历史演变进程和规律；在对不同民族宗教建筑的建造背景、规模、分布和类型等进行汇总统计基础上，总结其在空间布局、建造工艺、装饰艺术等方面的型制特征；通过比较区域内外宗教建筑文化研究族群互动推动下河湟民族走廊传统宗教建筑多样性特征及其成因；从完善宗教建筑预防性保护数据库、优化传统宗教建筑所在城镇空间发展机制、改进地方低技的适宜性技术和营建工艺、继承和创新发展宗教建筑文化四个层面探求河湟民族走廊宗教建筑遗产保护的实践策略，可以为抢救和保护传统宗教建筑，传承和发展地区文化遗产提供借鉴和参考依据。