荒漠绿洲生境对马铃薯甲虫种群扩散的影响机制

Colorado potato beetle is an important invasive alien species and destructive pest on potato crops worldwide, with a strong diffusion capacity. Xinjiang oasis distributes like "islands", withits high landscape homogenization. As a result, it is different of Colorado potato beetle population dispersal in Xinjiang compared with which in Europe. This study aimed to the impact of patch size, type of patch and its adjacent landscape features on the spread of Colorado potato beetle populations in habitat fragmentation. The genetic characteristics of Colorado potato beetle in different landscape scale with differences diffusion capacity were studied by amplifying multiple microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity of Colorado potato beetle with different diffusion ability will be quantitative analyzed, and to explore the expression between individual genetic differentiation genes of Colorado potato beetle populations in the diffusion behavior in the farmland landscape scale. Further, with the use of the key factors that have a barrier effect of landscape on dispersal of Colorado potato beetle, the control effects of barrier landscape wrer validation and evaluation measures on Colorado potato beetle population, optimized the ecological control of Colorado potato beetle. Based on these studies, proposed agricultural landscape of Colorado potato beetle control measures and programs are proposed. In this study, not only to habitat fragmentation under agricultural pest prevention and control measures to optimize the reference value, and contributed to a better understanding of habitat fragmentation on the spread of invasive species population and its response mechanism.

马铃薯甲虫是世界公认的马铃薯毁灭性害虫，也是我国对外重大检疫对象，目前仅分布于新疆。该虫具有很强的扩散能力，其持续扩散进入我国马铃薯主产区的风险依然巨大，对我国马铃薯产业构成严重威胁。新疆绿洲呈“岛屿”状分布，景观均质化高，规模化和小农户两种耕作体系并存，导致我国马铃薯甲虫种群扩散机制问题完全不同于欧洲地区。本研究拟利用景观生态学、集合种群理论和分子生物学方法，分别从绿洲内部和绿洲之间两种景观尺度上，通过野外观测（GPS定位观测）、控制试验（田间扩散试验）和GIS技术，研究荒漠绿洲生境对马铃薯甲虫种群在生境斑块间迁移的影响，通过对绿洲间马铃薯甲虫种群遗传分化分析，筛选在不同景观尺度上对马铃薯甲虫种群扩散具有明显阻隔作用的关键景观因子。结合种群适生性分析，定量研究绿洲间马铃薯甲虫种群扩散规律，探明新疆荒漠绿洲生境对马铃薯甲虫种群扩散的影响机制，为马铃薯甲虫的生态调控提供理论依据和技术途径。

为进一步明确重大外来入侵害虫—马铃薯甲虫种群扩散规律，探索马铃薯甲虫种群防控措施，结合害虫生态调控机制，在农田景观格局背景下，系统研究了不同景观格局下的种群消长规律，田间种群定殖过程，及其邻近作物格局对其入侵定殖的影响，进一步利用非寄主植物间作开展了马铃薯甲虫生态调控措施研发，保障马铃薯产业健康可持续发展。主要得到以下结论：（1）田间马铃薯甲虫种群丰富度受其与上一年马铃薯田块的距离的影响，距离上一年寄主田块的远近对翌年越冬代马铃薯甲虫的早期定殖具有一定的影响，邻近种植不同作物对马铃薯田块内的马铃薯甲虫种群数量动态有一定的影响，可通过种植格局的调整的方式进行马铃薯甲虫种群生态控制。（2）马铃薯甲虫成虫出土后，最初迁移抵达寄主田块边缘，随后逐步向田块中心扩散，直至覆盖整个田块，越冬代马铃薯甲虫在寄主田块定殖后，与最早定殖点的距离，是田块内马铃薯甲虫种群数量差异的主要因素。（3）田间马铃薯甲虫的扩散受其栖息环境的影响，作物的覆盖作用对马铃薯甲虫的田间迁移起到了一定的阻碍作用. 增加寄主密度和多样性能减小各阶段马铃薯甲虫的数量，非寄主田的存在能降低其定殖成功。（4）间套作向日葵或玉米对越冬代马铃薯甲虫的扩散有影响，马铃薯播种初期间套作向日葵或玉米能在一定程度上阻隔马铃薯甲虫的定殖扩散。马铃薯播种前期有效的间作玉米可以在一定程度上阻隔马铃薯甲虫的定殖扩散。到马铃薯块茎增长期，间作通过会对迁移能力较强的高龄幼虫与成虫有一定阻隔与调控作用，进而在一定程度上保护马铃薯。（5）单独取食天仙子的雌虫在产卵、孵化率、生命表参数等方面均弱于单独取食马铃薯和刺萼龙葵的雌虫。因此，马铃薯和刺萼龙葵对马铃薯甲虫种群繁殖、生长发育的影响优于天仙子。.本项目在国内核心期刊发表研究论文5篇，投稿SCI论文1篇，审稿中。申请发明专利2项，登记软件著作权2项，参编专著2部，培养硕士研究生2名。