马铃薯甲虫与黄花刺茄间的种间关系及对马铃薯的影响研究

The interaction between invasive species and its effect on other species in the invaded area is one of research hotspots in the biological invasion field. The broad objectives of these studies have important theoretical and practical significance on reveal the invasion mechanism, predict their potential spread and harm, and provide prevention and control measures. Xinjiang is one of the regions with the greatest risk of biological invasion in China, and the invasion of alien species in Xinjiang will bring great harm to the fragile ecosystem and the production of agriculture and animal husbandry. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (insect) and Solanum rostratum (plant) are two exotic species that have successfully invaded in Xinjiang and potentially can cause great economic and ecological harm, and the plant is the insect's original host. In this project, we select sympatrically distributed invasive species L. decemlineata and S. rostratum, and cultivated potato in Xinjiang as the research objects, use fixed point observation and control experiment method, Study on the interaction between two invasive species and its effects on potato. The aims of this study are to determine the (1) effect of the feeding of L. decemlineata larvae on growth, reproduction and invasiveness of S. rostratum, (2) effect of S. rostratum emergence time on L. decemlineata survival, reproduction and diffusion, (3) influence of L. decemlineata and S. rostratum co-occurrence on local potato production. The results of this study have important theoretical and practical value in revealing the invasion mechanism of the two in Xinjiang and making effective management measures, exploring the interaction between invasive species and enriching the theory of biological invasion.

入侵种间的相互作用及其对入侵区域其他物种的影响是生物入侵领域的研究热点之一。研究入侵种间的关系对于揭示入侵机制、预测潜在扩散范围和危害并提出合理防控措施具有重要理论与实践意义。新疆是我国面临生物入侵风险最大的区域之一，外来生物在新疆的入侵将会对脆弱生态系统及农牧业生产带来极大危害。马铃薯甲虫和黄花刺茄是两种已在新疆成功入侵并造成严重危害的外来生物，且后者是前者的原始宿主。本项目拟以在新疆同域入侵的马铃薯甲虫和黄花刺茄以及栽培马铃薯为研究对象，采用定点观测与控制实验等方法，通过对两入侵种间的互作关系及其对马铃薯的影响研究，以期：明确马铃薯甲虫取食对黄花刺茄生长、繁殖及入侵力的影响，阐明黄花刺茄对马铃薯甲虫存活、繁殖及扩散的影响，探讨二者互作对马铃薯生产的危害。研究成果对于揭示二者在新疆的入侵机制并制定有效管理措施、深入探讨入侵种间的互作关系并丰富生物入侵理论具有重要理论和实践价值。

马铃薯甲虫（Leptinotarsa decemlineata）和黄花刺茄（Solanum rostratum）是两种已在新疆成功入侵并造成严重危害的外来生物，且后者是前者的原始宿主。观察发现马铃薯甲虫和黄花刺茄同域分布在新疆的不同生境中，且前者取食后者叶片、花和果实等器官。研究入侵种间的关系对于揭示入侵机制、预测潜在扩散范围和危害并提出合理防控措施具有重要理论与实践意义。本项目通过对马铃薯甲虫的取食对黄花刺茄生长、繁殖及入侵力的影响，黄花刺茄的出现对同域分布的马铃薯甲虫存活、繁殖及扩散的影响以及二者的同域分布对当地马铃薯生产的影响等方面进行研究。主要结论如下：（1）马铃薯甲虫取食后黄花刺茄的开花结实、相对生长速度、开花数、叶面积、叶重量、果序数、结实结籽数、结实结子率、百粒重、种子活力和生物量等指标与未被马铃薯甲虫取食的植株相比均为下降。说明，马铃薯甲虫通过取食来降低黄花刺茄的生长繁殖能力，从而抑制其种群扩张。（2）在黄花刺茄和马铃薯甲虫二者的同域分布区，黄花刺茄通过为马铃薯甲虫增加扩散路径并提供食物以及吸引马铃薯甲虫取食和产卵，可扩大马铃薯甲虫的潜在分布范围、延长年生活史、缩短越冬时间、增强耐饥饿能力、增加世代重叠、缩短发育历期并提高存活率和繁殖力，从而促进马铃薯甲虫种群的扩张。（3）在黄花刺茄、马铃薯和马铃薯甲虫三者的同域分布区，黄花刺茄可提高马铃薯甲虫的存活率和繁殖力，有利于马铃薯甲虫的成灾，从而加大马铃薯甲虫对马铃薯生产的危害。因此，黄花刺茄和马铃薯甲虫在新疆同域分布区内的种间关系应属于入侵性对抗关系。