中国东北地区暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性研究

Northeast China has the largest natural forest vegetation, abundant resources, accumulated a large number of suitable for the survival of the fungi, Which contains a wide range of rich Hyphomycetes,currently in the region of macrofungi are reported, but those dematiaceous hyphomycetes are still unexplores in the region, and lack systematic investigation and classification at genera and species level. Through collecting specimens of dead branches from this region, based on the traditional taxonomy, combining the morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, we carried out the studies on the fungal resources, taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the region: 1) Revealing the diversity of the dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Northeast China, and the laws of their distribution in different habitats, vegetation conditions. 2) Exploring the influence of different substrate on the definition of dematiaceous hyphomycetes and creared the classification system closer to nature. 3) Defining the taxonomic status of many dubious genera and species, clarifing the disorder among those genera and species, re-establishing the classification keys, and enriching the taxonomic theory of related genera and species. Prospective study will provide reference for further research on Dematiaceous hyphomycetes classification system and also could provide a scientific basis for the utilization and protection of fungal resources.

我国东北地区拥有我国最大的天然林区，植被资源丰富，积累了大量适于真菌生存繁衍的基质，必然蕴含着种类繁多的丝孢真菌类群，目前对该区域的大型真菌报道较多，但对于暗色丝孢真菌资源的挖掘较少，更缺乏属种系统性调查和分类研究。本项目拟通过广泛征集该地区暗色丝孢真菌标本，立足经典分类，借助形态学、生态学、生物学及分子系统学分析，系统开展该区域暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性研究：1）解析东北地区暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性与海拔、植被等环境条件下的分布规律；2）探索不同基质类型对暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性分布的影响，创立更贴近自然的分类系统；3）评价暗色丝孢真菌部分重要属、种形态学划分标准及分类框架，澄清多个属、种的分类地位，补充或完善原有属、种分类检索表，丰富该类群真菌分类研究的内容。预期研究为深入开展暗色丝孢真菌系统分类研究提供借鉴，同时也为该区域物种资源保护与利用提供了科学依据。

真菌属、种多样性是生物多样性的重要组成，暗色丝孢真菌为一重要真菌类群。东北地区森林生态系统拥有丰富的凋落枯枝资源，于该类基质上生存繁衍着数量繁多的暗色丝孢真菌属、种类群。通过本项目的实施，完成了预定目标，取得了创新性成果：1）挖掘了东北地区森林生态系统凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种资源，充实了世界菌物资源的内容；2）创立了3个新属及其分类理论，正确描述鉴定了18个属的16个新种、7个新记录种及35个中国已知种；3）解析了该地区凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性及其在不同植被、海拔及气候条件下的分布动态，构建了枯枝暗色丝孢真菌资源库；4）综合分析了不同基质上种菌的形态学分类性状，结合种菌生态学和生物学特性，创立了反映物种自然演化本质特征的分类体系，澄清了Mirohelminthosporium、Anasporidesmiella、Morganjonesia三属的分类地位，评价了Ellismarsporium等6属的种级形态学划分标准，纯化培养了Ellismarsporium parvum菌种，并与相近属种进行多基因序列分析，构建了系统进化树，丰富了该类真菌分类研究的理论内容；5）发表较高学术水平论文9篇，授权专利7项，培养2名具真菌分类学知识的技术人才；6）系列研究成果为深入开展其它不同生态区域凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌分类研究提供了重要借鉴，对探索凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌多样性及菌种资源积累具重要的科学意义。