庐山森林生态系统凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性研究

Lushan is located in the mid-subtropical region of China, has complex landscape, ancient origins and species rich flora, and accumulates a deep dead branches layer to consitute a rich habitat for fungi, which contains a wide range of rich and specific dematiaceous hyphomycetes. However, these dematiaceous hyphomycetes from dead branches are still unexplores in the forest ecosystem of Lushan, and lack systematic investigation and classification at genera and species level. Through collecting specimens of dead branches from Lushan, based on the traditional taxonomy, combining the characteristics of morphology, ecology and biology, we carried out the diversity research on genera and species of dead branches dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the forest ecosystem of Lushan: 1) Revealing the diversity of genera and species of dead branches dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the forest ecosystem of Lushan, and the distribution in different vegetation and altitude conditions, and establishing the dematiaceous hyphomycetous resource collections of Lushan; 2) Exploring the influence of different substrate on the definition of genera and species of dead branches dematiaceous hyphomycetes, evaluating the taxonomic criterion and classification framework of many dubious genera and species, and creating the classification system closer to nature; 3) Defining the taxonomic status of many dubious genera and species, clarifing the disorder among those genera and species, re-establishing the classification keys, and perfecting the taxonomic theory of genera and species. All those results could provide experience accumulation for further taxonomic study of dead branches dematiaceous hyphomycetes in other different ecological regions, and have significance to the exploration of their diversity and accumulation of fungal resources.

庐山地处中亚热带，地貌复杂多样，植被区系起源古老、种类繁多，积累了丰富的适于真菌生存繁衍的凋落枯枝资源，蕴含着丰富特异的真菌类群，但目前对该生态区域凋落枯枝基质暗色丝孢真菌类群挖掘贫乏，更缺乏属、种系统性调查和分类研究。拟通过广泛征集庐山凋落枯枝标本，立足经典分类，综合种菌形态学、生态学及生物学分类性状，系统开展庐山森林生态系统凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性研究：1）解析该地区凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性及其分布动态，构建暗色丝孢真菌资源库；2）探索不同基质类型对该类真菌属、种界定的影响，评价部分疑难属、种的形态学划分标准与分类框架，创立更贴近自然的分类系统；3）界定部分疑难属、种的分类地位，澄清若干属、种分类混乱，重建属、种分类检索表，完善属、种分类理论。该研究为深入开展其它不同生态区域凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌分类研究提供经验积累，对探索真菌物种多样性及菌种资源积累具重要的科学意义。

真菌属、种多样性是生物多样性的重要组成，暗色丝孢真菌为一重要真菌类群。庐山森林生态系统拥有丰富的凋落枯枝资源，于该类基质上生存繁衍着数量繁多的暗色丝孢真菌属、种类群。通过本项目的实施，高质量的完成了预定目标，取得了显著的创新性成果：1）充分挖掘了庐山森林生态系统凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种资源，充实了世界菌物资源的内容；2）创立了1个新属及其分类理论，正确描述鉴定了40个属的26个新种、16个新记录种（包括3个大陆新记录）及45个中国已知种，相关研究成果将作为中国真菌志的重要组成内容；3）解析了该地区凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性及其在不同植被、海拔及气候条件下的分布动态，构建了枯枝暗色丝孢真菌资源库；4）综合分析了不同基质上种菌的形态学分类性状，结合种菌生态学和生物学特性，创立了反映物种自然演化本质特征的分类体系，澄清了Spadicoides等4属的分类地位，评价了Solicorynespora等7属的种级形态学划分标准，修订或完善了Spadicoides等5属的分类检索表，丰富了该类真菌分类研究的理论内容；5）发表较高学术水平论文14篇，会议摘要2篇、授权专利1项，获得山东省自然科学二等奖1项, 培养4名具真菌分类学知识的技术人才；6）系列研究成果为深入开展其它不同生态区域凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌分类研究提供了重要借鉴，对探索凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌多样性及菌种资源积累具重要的科学意义。