仿生超疏水石墨烯薄膜黏附性智能调控表面构建机理

The dynamic behavior of liquid-solid interface is determined by adhesion of superhydrophobic surfaces. At present, we face on a new problem that is how to regulate the adhesive force of superhydrophobic surfaces and even the reversible intelligently controllable adhesive force. In the project, we aim at developing the functions of superhydrophobic surfaces on metal substrate, which first prepare graphene membrance on different metal substrate such as Cu、Ni、Al, and then construct a semiconductor ZnO/TiO2 nanostructure surface on the graphene membrance, so it is possible to abtaining the surface with multicomponent materials synergistically and orderly. The surface will be reversible intelligently controllable adhesion under the light response. In addition, photoelectric property will also be investigated. The research contents of the project include:1) construction mechanism of graphene membrance based on metal substrate; 2) formation mechanism of biomimetic superhydrophobic surface with controllable adhesion; 3) actuating principles of the intelligently controllable adhesion；4)extending study on the photoelectric performance based on biomimetic superhydrophobic function. Through the study of this project, the multi-functional biomimetic surfaces with intelligently controllable adhesion will be explored. we integrate functional components with different physical and chemical properties into a whole in a coordinated and orderly form, which is a pioneering research. Through research of this project we aim at solving intelligently controlable adhesion of superhydrophobic interfaces on metal substrate, and proposing some basic theories and key technology, finally providing necessary theoretical basis for development of new superhydrophobic intelligence interface materials.

超疏水表面黏附性决定了液固界面的动态行为，怎样进行黏附力的调控？甚至于黏附力的可逆智能调控，是目前超疏水表面研究面临的新问题。本研究基于工程仿生原理，以拓展金属超疏水表面功能为宗旨，在金属基体如Cu、Ni、Al等构建石墨烯薄膜，进而以石墨烯薄膜为载体构筑半导体ZnO/TiO2纳米结构表面，实现多组分材料协同有序构建，使该表面实现光响应下的黏附性智能调控，并在光电性能上拓展。本项目的研究内容包括：1）金属基石墨烯薄膜的构建机理；2)仿生超疏水黏附性可控表面的形成机制；3)黏附性智能调控的驱动原理；4)基于仿生超疏水功能的光电性能拓展研究。通过本项目研究，将不同物理化学性质的功能组分以协同有序的形式整合到一个整体，开发多功能智能调控仿生表面，是一个开拓性的研究。本项目旨在切实地解决金属基超疏水界面材料智能调控问题，并形成一些初步的基础理论与关键技术，为发展新型的超疏水智能界面材料提供依据。

近年来水资源枯竭已逐渐成为人类面临的严重环境问题。而经亿万年的发展进化，诸多生物通过独特的方式来获取水分，为集水装置的制备提供参照。然而，传统材料和加工方法成本较高、加工工艺复杂、表面稳定性较差，难以实现大面积生产，限制其广泛应用。基于以上原因，耦合多种生物原型，以聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和石墨烯（G）为原材料，结合简单的浸渍涂布法、激光刻蚀和机械切割，分别制备了一维仿生纤维丝、尖端梯度润湿表面、网状梯度润湿表面和辐射状梯度润湿表面，并且深入研究了不同润湿表面的集水性能、浸润性调控机制及液滴定向输运行为。此外，还在铝合金基底成功制备疏水耐腐石墨烯涂层表面。具体开展如下工作：.（1）受蜘蛛丝纺锤结的启发，选用PDMS和石墨烯材料制备一系列仿生纤维丝。通过调控表面浸润性实现液滴运动行为的控制，研究几何形状对液滴悬挂能力和集水效率的影响。.（2）受仙人掌倒刺结构和沙漠甲虫背部非均匀润湿图案的启发，结合PDMS和G通过激光刻蚀和机械切割设计具有尖端结构的仿生表面，微小液滴在梯度润湿力驱动下向尖端形状的亲水性区域运动。.（3）以铜网为基底制备了一种特殊的仿生混合润湿表面。通过激光刻蚀在纯铜网上沉积的PDMS/G膜，然后进行超声振动，这样就成功制备包含有疏水区和超疏水区的混合润湿表面。.（4）结合激光刻蚀和机械切割技术设计PDMS辐射图案化表面。结果表明，几何结构和亲疏面积比的协同作用增强集水性能。发现经激光刻蚀的PDMS膜具有Janus双层膜的特征能够实现油驱动响应。.（5）铝合金表面制备疏水石墨烯涂层。一是化学还原氧化石墨烯，并结合旋涂技术在铝合金基底上制备薄膜，接触角高达153.7°。二是借助CVD设备，以铜箔为衬底沉积单层石墨烯，结合PMMA转移技术将单层石墨烯转移到经车床加工后的铝合金基底。