天然超疏水表面结构的分形表征及硬金属基超疏水膜的仿生构建

Superhydrophobic surfaces have wide application prospect in many fields due to their excellent performance, such as waterproof, self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, anti-adhesion, drag-reduction, etc. At present, there are many problems in the study of superhydrophobic surface. For example, it is difficult to characterize the natural superhydrophobic surfaces. And all of the superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated by researchers have some deficiencies more or less, such as tedious fabrication, low processing efficiency, high requirements for the equipment, limits to large-scale production, low mechanical strength, easy to wear, poor maintainability, etc. Based on the fact that Ni、Cr、Fe hard metal materials have the advantages of high strength, good wear resistance, anti-corrosion, good temperature adaptability and so on, the content of this project is to test the surface microstructure of natural superhydrophobic surface, build the fractal feature model of superhydrophobic surface roughness and the multiple fractal structure model of superhydrophobic surface spatial structure, obtain the law of the impact of microstructure on the superhydrophobic performance of surface, and fabricate large-area superhydrophobic surface with high strength, high wear resistance, high efficiency and maintainability on metal substrate via two-layer nano-composite electro-brush plating and subsequent surface fluorochemical treatment on the basis of the above research results. In addition, based on the application background of hard metal substrate superhydrophobic surface, this project investigates the properties which include strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, drag-reduction, absorption of electromagnetic waves and so on of as-prepared superhydrophobic surface, which provides theoretical and experimental basis for the large-scale application of hard metal substrate super hydrophobic coating.

超疏水表面因具有自清洁、防腐、防水防冻、防黏、降阻等功能，在各领域有广泛应用前景。当前对仿生超疏水材料的研究存在着天然超疏水表面结构难以表征，所制备的超疏水表面机械强度差、易磨损、易破坏，加工设备昂贵、加工尺度小、加工条件复杂以及加工效率低，可修复性差等问题。基于Ni、Cr、Fe等硬金属材料具有强度高、耐磨性、耐蚀性及温度适应性好等优点，本项目将通过对天然超疏水表面微观结构测试，构建出超疏水表面粗糙度的分形特征模型，及超疏水立体结构的多重分形结构理论模型，获得微观结构特征对其超疏水性能的影响规律；在此基础上采用双层纳米复合电刷镀工艺，构建Ni、Cr、Fe等硬金属仿生镀层结构，配合氟化处理制备出具有高强度、高耐磨性、高效率、可修复的大面积硬金属基超疏水镀层。另外基于硬金属超疏水膜应用前景，从结合强度、耐磨性、耐蚀性、降阻性及吸波性等方面对其进行评价，为其规模化应用提供理论依据和实验基础。

超疏水表面因具有自清洁、防腐、防水防冻、防黏、降阻等功能，在各领域有广泛应用前景。当前对仿生超疏水材料的研究存在着天然超疏水表面结构难以表征，所制备的超疏水表面机械强度差、易磨损、易破坏，加工设备昂贵、加工尺度小、加工条件复杂以及加工效率低，可修复性差等问题。基于硬金属材料具有强度高、耐磨性、耐蚀性及温度适应性好等优点，本项目通过对天然超疏水表面微观结构测试，构建出了超疏水表面粗糙度的分形特征模型，建立了超疏水立体结构的分形结构理论模型，获得微观结构特征对其超疏水性能的影响规律；在此基础上，采用纳米复合电刷镀工艺、激光直写工艺、水热合成、化学镀等工艺，构建了Ni基、Cr基、Fe基以及W基等硬金属仿生镀层结构，制备出具有高强度、高耐磨性、高效率、可修复的大面积硬金属基超疏水镀层。另外基于硬金属超疏水膜应用前景，从结合强度、耐磨性、耐蚀性、降阻性及吸波性等方面对其进行了综合评价，为其规模化应用提供理论依据和实验基础。