火炮机构间隙作用机理及射击密集度诊断方法研究

Firing dispersion is a key index to measure long-range precision strike ability of artillery. The presence of clearance in mechanism enlarges muzzle vibration and decays firing dispersion performance of system. This project concentrates on clearance effect in artillery mechanism. The firing dispersion diagnosis based on clearance dynamics and clearance nonlinear identification is studied. Firstly, two typical kinematic pairs with clearance in artillery including of sliding pair and rotation pair are analyzed. Regularized model of gap is constructed and wavelet finite element method is used to obtain the vibration response. The relation between the gap and muzzle vibration is solved accurately. Then, through analyzing vibration response, the combined method of response distribution function and nonlinear subspace identification is presented to detect clearance parameters and diagnosis firing dispersion. The experiments of gun clearance and firing dispersion test in shoot range are used to validate the current methods. The project will make a progress in the study of artillery nonlinear modeling, identification, and firing dispersion diagnosis, it can also be a useful reference to dynamic error compensation of artillery firing dispersion and improvement of the artillery strike precision.

射击密集度是衡量火炮远程精确打击性能的关键指标，而火炮运动副中间隙的存在是造成火炮射击时炮口振动加剧，进而导致射击密集度性能下降的关键原因。项目聚焦于火炮机构间隙效应，研究基于火炮间隙动力学分析和间隙非线性系统辨识的射击密集度诊断方法。首先，以火炮机构中滑动、转动等典型含间隙运动副为分析对象，研究刻画间隙接触状态的正则化局部建模方法，及高效求解火炮间隙动力学响应的小波有限元方法，揭示间隙与炮口振动相互作用规律。然后，通过火炮射击振动测试，研究能从火炮瞬态强冲击复杂响应中，准确提取间隙特征的响应分布函数方法和非线性子空间辨识方法，实现间隙特征的动态识别和密集度的关联诊断。并通过间隙试验台测试和火炮靶场密集度试验，验证方法有效性。项目预期在间隙非线性系统建模和识别上取得突破，研究成果将为火炮射击密集度诊断提供理论和方法，为实现火炮射击状态下密集度误差动态补偿，提高火炮精确打击能力提供技术保障。

火炮作为当今使用最为频繁的主力作战装备之一，其射击密集度是衡量火炮远程精确打击性能的关键指标，而火炮身管与摇架间间隙的存在是造成火炮射击时炮口振动加剧，进而导致射击密集度性能下降的关键原因。项目聚焦于火炮机构间隙效应，研究基于火炮间隙动力学分析和间隙非线性系统辨识的射击密集度诊断方法。首先，以火炮机构中滑动、转动等典型含间隙运动副为分析对象，利用Kelvin-Voigt接触力模型以及二状态模型描述了间隙非线性力模型，通过半解析法结合身管边界条件，计算了简化模型的动力学响应，揭示了间隙与炮口振动的相互作用规律。然后，针对间隙值的获取问题，根据间隙处位移响应的统计特性，利用概率密度导谱法，实现间隙值的识别。针对间隙有效刚度的识别问题，提出了非线性分离子空间识别（NSSI）方法，进行了间隙有效刚度的识别，并与传统非线性子空间识别（NSI）方法的识别结果进行了对比。最后，设计并搭建了间隙参数可调的含间隙悬臂梁试验台和火炮身管-摇架模型，在其上开展了相关验证实验，验证了方法的可行性及性能。研究成果能为火炮射击密集度诊断提供理论和方法，为实现火炮射击状态下密集度误差动态补偿，提高火炮精确打击能力提供技术保障。