基于双向拍卖的异质频谱分配机制研究

Due to spectrum scarcity and its inefficient useage, many emerging services going wireless are in shortage of spectrum resources. Auction, the main-stream way to optimizing spectrum (re)allocation in developed countries, is considered as a promising solution to relieve this conflict between spectrum supply and demand. Note that existing research and practice results have shown single-sided auctions may lead to various problems such as irrational deals, collusions, malicious quotes, winner's curse, etc., double auction has been taken as a better way for spectrum (re)allocation in future. However, the research on double auction for spectrum (re)allocation in China is relatively insufficient and there needs paramout of effort to fills the current existing gaps. For example, there lacks effective double auction mechanisms and optimization for heterogeneous spectrum allocation such as white space, local market spectrum, or underutilized specturm, which results in inefficient usage of spectrum and great limits the chance of spectrum multiplexing. This project targets on the design of double auction mechanisms for heterogeneous spectrum aiming to achieve spectrum multiplexing/reuse to optimize spectrum utilization while guaranteeing economic robustness to encourage player participation and minimizing market cost. Specifically, our research will focus on competition game based heterogeneous spectrum double auction, local market based heterogeneous spectrum double auction, time-division multiplexing based heterogeneous spectrum double auction, etc. Through the research of this project, we expect to provide a series of effective spectrum auction mechanisms to fill the gaps of existing research in this field in China, with solid theoretical analysis and extensive simulation study.

频谱资源稀缺和利用率低下，使得许多新兴无线用频业务无法获得频谱资源。为了缓解供需矛盾，拍卖已成为国际上频谱优化配置的主流分配方式。从发达国家的研究经验看，单向拍卖存在因竞争过度或不足而出现非理性成交价，以及难以拟制共谋、恶意报价和赢者诅咒等问题，因此双向拍卖被视为未来高效的频谱分配方式。然而，这方面研究在我国相对薄弱，还存在若干不足，如针对通信性能差异的空置、局部和低效等不同类型的频谱，还缺少与之相适应的双向拍卖机制及其优化方法，频谱利用率低并难以高效复用。本项目将针对这些问题研究异质频谱的双向拍卖，使所设计的机制在满足经济规律的前提下，达到频谱复用率、利用率等性能指标的最优化。主要研究内容包括：竞争均衡的异质频谱拍卖机制研究、局部市场下异质频谱拍卖机制研究、基于时分复用的异质频谱拍卖研究等。通过本项目的研究，将提出一系列真正适用于无线频谱拍卖的机制，并通过理论分析和模拟仿真证明其有效性。

当前世界各国均面临着日益严重的频谱资源短缺的问题，从而使得许多新兴无线用频业务难以及时申请到所需的频谱，进而无法顺利开展无线用频业务。然而，大量已分配的频谱资源却没有得到充分利用，长时间处于空置状态。为了解决上述问题，拍卖已成为国际上频谱优化配置的主流分配方式。现有的频谱拍卖研究还存在着诸多问题，例如竞争不足导致的非理性成交价、未充分考虑频谱资源的地理相关性、异质性和时空可复用性等。特别是针对通信性能差异的空置、局部和低效等不同类型的频谱，还缺少与之相适应的双向拍卖机制及其优化方法，频谱利用率低并难以高效复用。针对上述问题，本研究首先提出了一系列双向拍卖机制，解决了频谱拍卖中可能存在的竞争不足、买家之间的不公平性等问题。然后，考虑到频谱的局部市场特性，设计了与之相适应的异质频谱拍卖机制。其次，针对频谱的时空复用特性，提出了一系列能同时实现时间和空间维度上复用的异质频谱拍卖机制，大幅提高了频谱的利用率。最后，我们通过仿真实验和理论分析相结合的方式，验证了所设计机制的有效性。综上所述，通过三年时间的研究，我们已经超额完成立项时提出的所有研究内容，并取得了丰硕的研究成果。