近200年南极半岛海洋初级生产和藻类种群结构演变及其对快速融冰的响应

Sea ice variation is significant climate-derived in the Antarctic Peninsula marine region where temperature elevated dramaticly, and it can "enlarge" the influence of global warming. The research on long-term change of marine primary production and algae community structure and their response to rapid melting of sea ice is important to have an insight into the function of the Antarctic marine ecosystem shift to global carbon cycle and climate variability. In this project, we will focus on the Antarctic Peninsula marine region, 1) employing sedimentary pigments and lipids biomarkers as well as sea ice index IP25 to retrieval interaction information between phytoplankton community structure and sea ice / marine environment change from molecular level, 2) combining sedimentary records (different spacial and temporal scale molecular stratigraphy) and modern processes (both field investigation and satellite remote sensing data) to unveil the response and feedback mechanism of marine phytoplankton primary production and community structure to rapid melting of sea ice with considering of global warming. By actualizing this project, we will reconstruct change of marine primary production and algae community structure and their response to rapid melting of sea ice in the Antarctic Peninsula during the past 200 years. This will provide a good deal of insight into the impact of rapid melting of sea ice to marine ecosystem and their historical change, and help us to understand polar marine phytoplankton response to climate change and their effect on global carbon cycle.

在快速升温的南极半岛海域，海冰变化具有显著的气候效应，对全球变暖具有"放大作用"。研究该海域初级生产和藻类种群结构长期变化及其对快速融冰的响应，对于理解南极海洋生态系统变化在全球碳循环和气候演变中的作用有着重要意义。本项目拟利用南极半岛海域沉积色素、特征类脂生物标志物和海冰变化指标（IP25），从分子级水平提取浮游植物群落结构与海冰/海洋环境变化的互动信息；将地质记录（不同时间、空间尺度的分子地层学信号）与现代过程（现场实测数据和卫星遥感数据）相结合，揭示全球变暖背景下，海洋浮游植物初级生产和群落结构变化对海冰快速融化的响应和反馈机制。通过本项目的实施，将重建200年来南极半岛海洋初级生产和藻类种群结构演变及对快速融冰的响应，这有助于深入理解南极海冰快速消融对海洋生态系统的影响及其历史变化，有助于了解极地海洋浮游植物对气候变化的响应及其在全球碳循环中的作用。

作为全球变暖的“放大器”，南极典型海域是研究海洋生态系统对气候变化和人类活动响应与反馈的天然实验室。研究南极海域初级生产和藻类种群结构长期变化及其对气候和海洋环境变化的响应，对于理解南极海洋生态系统变化在全球碳循环和气候演变中的作用有着重要意义。本项目以南极半岛海域、普里兹湾和罗斯海为调查区域，利用粒度、有机碳、生物标志物参数组合，对南极普里兹湾、南极半岛海域、罗斯海的表层沉积物样品进行了综合分析，认识这些海域的有机质来源及现代海洋沉积环境。利用沉积物样品中沉积色素和特征类脂生物标志物，从分子级水平提取浮游植物群落结构与海洋环境变化的互动信息；将地质记录（不同时间、空间尺度的分子地层学信号）与现代过程（现场实测数据和卫星遥感数据）相结合，揭示全球变暖背景下，海洋浮游植物初级生产和群落结构变化对海洋环境变化的响应和反馈机制。通过本项目的实施，重建了近百年来南极典型海洋初级生产和藻类种群结构演变及对气候变化（ENSO）的响应，这为深入理解南极海洋环境变化对海洋生态系统的影响及其历史变化，以及了解极地海洋浮游植物对气候变化的响应及其在全球碳循环中的作用提供了一定的理论基础。