组合煤岩体能量积聚规律与缓释控制机理研究

Rock burst is dynamic phenomena of elastic energy that accumulated in coal and rock sudden release under the influence of mining activities, the governance process of rock burst is substantially a artificial control process for the elastic energy of accumulated in coal and rock, the governance effect depends on the level of control on the elastic energy of accumulated in coal and rock and the key influence factors. Regional strata is a combination of different coal seam and different rock strata, have the feature of different nature in vertical direction and same nature in horizontal direction, the key to governance rock burst is how to determine the horizon and regional position of elastic energy accumulation, and explicit the key influence factors, and how to reduce the elastic energy of accumulated in coal and rock, and how to make the accumulated elastic energy to slow released. The project adopt mechanics experiment of multivariate coal and rock combination, analysis confirm the key horizon position that lead elastic energy of rock burst to gather; adopt numerical simulation, analysis confirm the key regional position that lead elastic energy of rock burst to gather; adopt mechanics experiment, analysis confirm the relation between elastic energy accumulation and physical-mechanical parameters. And then adopt energy theory, clear and definite the key influence and controlling factors of energy accumulation which lead rock burst to occur, establish energy criterion of rock burst occur and the corresponding quantitative relation mathematical model, and reveal the slow release control mechanism of prevent energy from sudden releasing and lead rock burst to occur. The study has certain scientific significance to improving the rock burst theory and guide the prevention-control of rock burst.

冲击地压是煤岩体中所积聚的弹性能在采掘活动影响下突然释放而导致的动力现象，其防治过程实质是对煤岩体中积聚的弹性能的释放实现人为控制的过程，治理效果取决于对煤岩体中弹性能积聚及关键影响因素的掌控程度。区域地层是一个由煤层和不同的岩层组合而成的组合体，具有纵观异性、横观同性的特征，如何确定弹性能积聚的层位和区位并明确其关键影响控制因素，如何减少煤岩体中弹性能的积聚并使积聚的弹性能实现缓慢释放是冲击地压防治的关键。项目通过多元组合煤岩体力学实验，分析确定导致冲击地压发生的弹性能积聚的关键层位；通过数值模拟，分析确定弹性能积聚的关键区位；通过力学实验确定弹性能积聚与组合体物理力学参数之间的关系。进而采用能量理论，确定能量积聚的影响控制因素，建立冲击地压发生的判据及相应的定量关系数学模型，揭示防止冲击地压发生的能量缓释控制机理。该研究对完善冲击地压理论及指导冲击地压灾害防治具有一定的科学意义。

冲击地压是煤岩体中所积聚的弹性能在采掘活动影响下突然释放而导致的动力现象。如何确定弹性能积聚的层位和区位并明确其关键影响控制因素，如何减少煤岩体中弹性能的积聚并使积聚的弹性能实现缓慢释放是冲击地压防治的关键。.基于以上研究背景，通过组合煤岩体力学实验研究，建立能量积聚与煤岩体物理力学参数之间的关系，明确冲击地压发生的能量积聚影响控制因素；在组合体实验的基础上，依据能量理论，确定导致冲击地压发生的弹性能积聚的关键层位，同时采用数值模拟的方法，确定了工作面弹性能积聚的关键区位与特点；通过组合煤岩体变厚度对比实验，明确厚而坚硬的顶板岩层在冲击地压发生过程中所起的作用。研究结果表明：组合煤岩体中的能量主要积聚于厚而软弱岩层，即厚度相对较大、弹性能相对较小的岩层则是组合岩体中的“能量积聚关键层”；由于变形与所受的压力有关，故从回采工作面采后其采空区覆岩压力转移并重新分布来看，支承压力区应属于纵向压力最大的区域，相应该区域内的纵向变形也属较大，故支承压力区应为“能量积聚关键区”。.在组合煤岩体力学实验及明确能量积聚与煤岩体物理力学参数之间关系的基础上，建立了冲击地压发生的判据，给出相应的定量关系数学模型，若煤体破坏时裂隙扩张所需能量消耗率小于顶底板卸载时的能量释放率，则煤体为稳定破坏，相应组合体为失稳破坏。采用组合煤岩体实验和数值模拟相结合的方法，揭示了防止弹性能突然释放而导致冲击地压发生的缓释控制机理。从改变能量积聚关键层的相应物理力学参数的角度，给出了防止冲击地压发生的能量缓释控制机理，以及相应的直接释能和间接释能的实施路径。通过工业试验，证实了能量缓释控制措施对防止冲击地压的有效性。.项目基于岩石弹性能积聚关键影响控制因素研究，从能量的角度开展了冲击地压发生的判据研究以及弹性能缓释控制途径研究，研究成果为完善冲击地压相关理论和提高冲击地压治理效果提供理论支撑。