积极还是忧郁：特质性乐观与悲观人群的行为与神经机制研究

Previous behavioral studies concerning dispositional optimism/pessimism have already demonstrated that these two groups of individuals apply quite different ways to deal with their life. However, to date, research on dispositional optimism and pessimism were almost restricted by using questionnaire measurements and behavioral tests. It is hard to understand the fundamental underlying core/substrate of dispositional optimism and pessimism without investigating its neurobiological basis. This research project aims to exploring the differences of functional and structural neural correlates of optimistic and pessimistic persons in the following aspects: (1) Investigating the differences of behavioral performance and brain function during different cognitive tasks; (2) Exploring the differences of functional connectivity between dispositional optimistic and pessimistic individuals by resting-fMRI; (3) exploring the potential differences of gray and white matter between dispositional optimistic and pessimistic individuals. This project will help to understand dispositional optimism/pessimism and provide neural evidence to adjust different individuals’ behavior and attitude by neural plasticity theory.

特质性乐观和悲观是人格和社会心理学领域研究的热点之一，但影响个体的乐观或者悲观的神经机制尚鲜有研究设计。本项目利用行为和fMRI相结合的手段，系统研究特质性乐观和悲观个体之间脑功能和脑结构的差异，重点考察一下三个方面：（1）在不同任务态下比较乐观和悲观特质个体的脑区激活水平和效应连接的差异； (2）乐观和悲观特质个体在静息态下的脑功能连接差异；（3）乐观和悲观特质个体在脑结构（灰质、白质）的差异。本项目有利于系统性地理解乐观和悲观特质的心理结构和神经活动差异，为利用神经可塑性原理调整不同个体的行为和态度提供科学的理论和依据。

特质性乐观和悲观是人格和社会心理学领域研究的热点之一，但影响个体的乐观或者悲观的神经机制尚鲜有研究设计。本项目利用行为和fMRI相结合的手段，系统研究特质性乐观和悲观个体之间的行为与脑功能的差异，重点考察一下三个方面：（1）特质性乐观和悲观个体在归因任务的行为和脑机制差异； (2）特质性乐观和悲观个体在注意偏差的差异；（3）特质性乐观和悲观个体在静息态下的脑功能连接差异。本项目有利于系统性地理解乐观和悲观特质的心理结构和神经活动差异，为利用神经可塑性原理调整不同个体的行为和态度提供科学的理论和依据。..本研究课题组按照课题计划书，严格实施，按照计划完成了数据采集、数据分析，并取得了一定的研究成果。目前已发表相关学术论文2篇，国际论文1篇。课题组负责人和主要成员就本课题的结果与国际专家进行了密切的学术交流，并开展了一系列的学术合作。总的来讲，本课题按照计划完成，在未来两年内，将继续深入分析和挖掘数据，撰写和发表论文，继续开展和国内外同行的合作交流。