基于资源池模式下的遗传资源配置机制研究

In view of the serious facts that increasingly narrowing genetic base has become one major challenge for agricultural breeding in China, the proposed project will extend our previous research on proprietorship system of genetic resources(GR)to allocation mechanism, and particularly focus on the definition of property rights, valuation of genetic resources and transaction cost in allocating GR. Using theoretic and empirical analysis,and qualitative and quantitative methods, the project aims to explore the cohesive model which can combine market and non-market remedies for the governance of GR. The functions of such model are two folds. On the one hand, it will fully exert the effect of the property right system and market mechanism, exercise its utmost to stimulate all stakeholders' interests in the GR system, and practically handle with the tragedy of common facing by the utilization of GR; On the other hand,taking advantage of the aggregation and integration function of 'resource pool', it could break through the boundaries and barriers embedded in diverse property system mixing public, common and private types, and also fix the current separation of different stages in the chain of GR research and development, and finally establish a highly 'free to operate' multi-dimension space called 'domain-pool' which is run together by multi-subjects of property and various stakeholders. The pool is supposed to eliminate the risks and uncertainties during individual one-way transaction,meanwhile significantly reduce transaction costs in information search, negotiation and implementation, and safeguard highly smoothly transferring, sound allocation and efficient utilization of GR.

本研究针对目前我国农业育种研发中面临的遗传资源基础变窄这一重大现实问题，拟在现有遗传资源权属制度研究基础上，以资源配置机制面临的产权界定、价值评估、交易成本等难点问题为切入点，采取理论研究与实证研究相结合，定性研究与定量研究相结合方式，探索建立遗传资源配置中市场机制和非市场补救机制的有机结合模式，一方面充分发挥产权制度和市场机制的功效，最大限度地调动遗传资源系统所有利益相关人的积极性，切实解决遗传资源开发利用中面临的"公地悲剧"；另一方面，利用"资源池"的集聚整合功能，突破公共、集体和私人等多元化产权限制，以及遗传资源保护开发链中各环节之间的分段隔离，建立形成多权利主体、以及多方利益相关人共同参与运营的具有高度自由操作性的多维度"池域空间"，最大限度消除单向个别交易风险和不确定性，同时有效降低信息搜寻、谈判交涉和权利实施等交易成本，保证遗传资源高效流转，实现合理配置和有效利用。

本项目研究的总体目标是，借鉴多维度“资源池”的集聚整合模式，探索建立遗传资源配置中市场失灵的补救机制，切实解决我国农业遗传资源开发利用中面临的“搭便车”导致的遗传资源供给中的“公地悲剧”、以及交易成本过高导致的遗传资源让渡流转受阻等理论和现实问题。本项目研究按照原定研究计划，分阶段推进各项研究工作，全面完成了设计制定的研究任务和达到了预期的研究目标。重点解决了遗传资源产权实现机制中面临的客体边界界定、外部效益评估，以及遗传资源配置中面临的交易成本三大关键理论和实际问题。共发表研究论文和学会发表的研究报告11余篇；组织召开国际性和全国性学术交流会3次，小型研讨会和交流会5次；提交政策建议及规范性文件草案等8份；直接参与《种子法》等5部法律、法规的案文起草、论证工作；培养博士后2名，博士2名和硕士研究生3名；建立农业遗传资源转让交易规则及资源登记标准一套；研究制定了农业遗传资源配置平台规范方案，收集主要农作物遗传资源数据并建立了专题数据库体系和展示交易系统。