以优化心理重建效能为导向的四川灾后乡村聚落环境评价体系研究

Post-disaster psychological recovery is a long and complex process. It is a hot topic in post-disaster reconstruction to design effective environment space for psychological recovery. This study focuses on "The effect of Environment of Rural Settlements in Sichuan Earthquake Area on Psychological Recovery". First, study is conducted by selecting typical research samples, and using research methodologies such as field research observation, questionnaire, test of Psychological Health Question (GHQ), and expert evaluation to collect environmental information and psychological data. Secondly, environmental factors associated with psychological reconstruction in environmental elements are identified by means of statistical analysis, correlation analysis carried out on the environmental information and psychological data. Analytical Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) and comprehensive weight method are applied to obtain the value/weight of each environmental factor in the effects of psychological reconstruction to construct an assemble of environmental factors which has significant effect on psychological reconstruction. Lastly, through the research results, the mechanism of impact of the built environment of rural settlements in the post-Sichuan disaster period on psychological reconstruction is summarized, and evaluation model called "environmental psychology" (EP) which is adapted to measuring the process of psychological reconstruction is constructed. The result of this study is an innovation of the system of psychological reconstruction techniques and the environment evaluation system, which will provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for creating a post-disaster harmonious living environment and post-disaster psychological intervention.

灾后重建是一个地理空间、社会空间和心理空间的重建过程，如何科学地规划设计对心理重建有成效的人居环境，是灾后重建亟待解决的热点问题。本课题以"四川灾区乡村聚落环境重建"为背景，选取典型研究样本，采用实际调研、专家打分、结构式访谈等方式与心理评估量表(GHQ)、问卷调查相结合，收集乡村聚落环境和心理信息数据，并借助统计分析技术对相关信息数据进行处理，判识在乡村聚落环境要素中，对心理重建具有显著影响的环境因子，并按照其心理效能特征进行分类形成四类因子集。然后通过专家打分和建成环境评价(POE)技术获取各因子集和因子的权重，建构以优化心理重建效能为导向的"环境-心理"（EP）适宜性评价模型。此模型是对建成环境评价技术和心理重建技术的创新，可对四川灾区乡村聚落建成环境的状况进行诊断性评价，提出以优化心理重建为目的环境改进意见和方向，并将帮助政府决策者和专业人员在乡村聚落建设发展中做出正确判断。

结题摘要.本课题研究“以优化心理效能为导向的四川重建灾后乡村聚落环境评价体系”，通过研究调研聚落的环境特征和灾民心理重建情况，确立了以汶川映秀为代表的12个研究样本；通过构建以灾后聚落重建环境满意度为标准的评价体系，建立受灾民众对整体乡村聚落灾后重建环境评价的数据，获取受灾民众对12个研究样本的重建乡村聚落环境评价结果；通过参加汶川地震心理干预的专业心理医生们,来建立针对本研究心理评估测试的“四川地震灾区心理重建评估量表”，然后建立研究样本的心理重建程度数据库，获取受灾民众心理康复情况结果；最后通过对灾后重建聚落满意度评估结果与各个样本的最后心理重建的的情况进行回归分析，找出环境重建体系对心理重建体系的相关性，再通过环境单因子的评价值对心理重建结果的多元回归分析，找出对心理重建有显著干预的环境因子集群。根据对以上样本的实证研究和数据结果，总结得出相关结论，对应指导样本乡村聚落的问题和改进方向，也作为未来重建建设的理论和技术规范，为指导乡村聚落的环境建设提供理论支持和技术指导。