基于灾后评价的龙门山区域聚落景观适宜性研究

Longmen mountain area is explicitly supported construction development area in China 12th FIVE year plan. With obvious vertical gradient, multi-scale landscape, Tibetan, Qiang and Han nationalities multi-ethnic Living habitation, characteristic region which is the historical cultural city of Sichuan province concentrated distribution. The earthquake of wenchuan and ya 'an happened successively highlight the meaning of this topic research.Subject to earthquake damage is an important inspection standards,combined with the theory of landscape ecology and other multi-disciplinary theory, according to the existing geological structure diagram, geographic information system diagram, Landsat TM images of before and after the earthquake, and combining with geologic environment data, QuickBird optical remote sensing data and settlement data, using stack space, extracting, assignment, buffer operation, etc., to establish the study area settlement landscape relation between people and land spatial database system; Using Landscape index calculation software Fragstats 3.3（Raster data）to analyze the middle-scale landscape pattern space. Take the data of residence size, residence spacing which survey from field to be the landscape indices, establish matrix mathematic model, analyze the inherent order of geographical Landscape spatial pattern of traditional settlements, the relationship between traditional settlements and geomorphic unit..Research analysis mainly on the ecological suitability, environment suitability and uniform distribution of geological suitability, transportation suitability, etc., from the micro scale,medium scale and macro scale. Focus on the basis of scientific data analysis summary for the sustainable development of longmen mountain area of settlement landscape suitability principle and method.

龙门山区域垂直梯度明显，地貌景观多尺度、藏、羌、汉聚居及四川历史文化名城分布特色区域，是十二五规划重点。研究区域相继汶川地震、雅安地震发生使本课题研究意义凸显。课题以地震破坏作为重要检验标准，结合景观生态学等多学科理论，根据已有地质构造图、地理信息系统图、Landsat-TM地震前后影像图，结合地质环境基础数据、QuickBird光学遥感数据及居民点数据，进行空间叠加、提取、赋值、缓冲区操作等，建立研究区域聚落景观人地关系空间数据库系统；运用景观指标计算软件Fragstats3.3，野外测量住居大小、间距等为景观参数，借助Matlab建立矩阵数学模型，分析聚落景观空间内在秩序和地貌单元之间关系。课题研究主要从宏观、中观、微观尺度的生态适宜性、环境支撑适宜性、地质适宜性、交通适宜性、分布均衡性等方面展开。重点在科学数据分析基础上总结归纳龙门山区域聚落景观适宜性可持续发展的原则及方法模式。

四川龙门山区域具有明显垂直梯度，多尺度地貌景观。藏、羌、汉多民族聚居及历史文化名城集中分布特色区域。基金以传统聚落适宜性为切入点，地学景观为背景，创新性结合地理学、地质学、景观生态学、建筑学、规划设计等多学科理论，运用Arcgis空间分析技术、DSR传统聚落演替驱动因子、Autocad矢量图绘制、Matlab三维数据模型等技术手段，对龙门山区域地学景观成景系统、地学景观特征和评价，传统聚落介入地学景观适宜性分布规律和演替规律以及整合重构可持续发展的原则展开了研究，取得了如下的研究成果与认识：.（1）归纳总结了传统聚落基于地学景观背景下的宏观、中观尺度适宜性分布规律，揭示出传统聚落和地学景观环境的适宜因果性，并按照地学景观特征对龙门山区域传统聚落进行分类总结；摈弃传统聚落具体建筑色彩、构造、室内空间设计方面，重点研究丰富形态传统聚落的内部秩序，进行数理建构，为龙门山区域灾后重建、新农村建设以及传统聚落自身整合和重构提供依据；.（2）揭示了龙门山区域传统聚落空间结构中的道路重要性。统计出冲积平原聚落和冲积扇聚落住居间距地域性常规尺寸，总结了传统聚落地域形态特征，阐明传统聚落布局形态文脉延续的关键在于聚落领域感、中心性和边界形态的区分，汉族平原聚落民族特色的浅根性原因在于其缺乏领域中心性的形态布局；.（3）提出针对传统聚落适宜性演替规律的驱动因子DSR模型，揭示传统聚落演替规律，研究了地震带来传统聚落与地学景观环境适宜性突变，总结了聚落选址适宜性评价指标及基地地质条件选址基本原则，并实证案例阐述分析了灾后重建成功案例的具体设计过程和方法。传统聚落适宜性整合与重构的可持续发展探索中提出区别城市设计方法，进行符合居民生产生活方式的功能组块设计，完善新农村规划设计规范、加强地学景观自然保护区、风景名胜区的聚落适宜性调整、注重把握传统聚落整合与重构的原则方法。