乡村振兴战略背景下的新疆绿洲乡村聚落布局优化研究

Oasis rural settlement spatial pattern and its influence factors can reflect territorial space-time characteristics and scale of rural natural environment change and social economic development. Taking typical oases of northern margin of the Tarim basin as research object, this research will try to study the spatial characteristics and the influences of natural and cultural factors on the spatial characteristics of rural settlements in rural (town) scale. Establishing evaluation index system of oasis rural settlement based on structure and function, this research will evaluate evolvement and development tendency of oasis rural settlement. With the principle of beautiful countryside, the spatial structure optimization model will be established according to the general requirements and objectives the strategy of rural vitalization. The research aims to reveal on oasis rural settlement spatial structure and its driving mechanisms, and serve resource utilization of oasis settlement, economic development and cultural integration, drive the new urbanization and new rural construction, promote transformation of oasis settlement and rational planning layout by optimizing the structure and function of oasis rural settlement system, finally provide decision support for new rural construction of Xinjiang silk road economic belt core area and the strategy of rural vitalization implementation, provide a scientific basis for the realization of a well-off society in an all-round way.

绿洲乡村聚落空间特征及其影响因素是干旱区自然环境变迁与社会经济发展时空属性和规模的地域表达。以塔里木盆地北缘典型绿洲为研究对象，解析绿洲乡村聚落空间特征，从乡（镇）尺度分析自然与人文要素对乡村聚落空间特征的影响；从结构与功能角度出发，构建绿洲乡村聚落系统评价指标体系，对聚落变化及发展趋势进行评价；从聚落系统模式出发，依据乡村振兴战略的总要求和目标，构建绿洲乡村聚落系统优化模式。研究旨在揭示绿洲乡村聚落的空间特征及其驱动机制，通过优化聚落系统结构与功能，服务于绿洲聚落资源利用、社会经济发展和文化交融，推动新型城镇化和新农村建设，促进绿洲聚落转型与合理规划布局，为新疆丝绸之路经济带核心区、南疆新农村建设和乡村振兴战略实施提供决策支持，为实现全面小康提供科学依据。

绿洲乡村聚落是新疆农村人口生活与生产的主要功能载体，同时也是“乡村振兴”战略实施的重要抓手。厘清典型绿洲乡村聚落的演变过程及现状特征并探明其空间重构与优化路径对实现乡村振兴具有重要的现实意义。课题组以塔里木盆地北缘绿洲为主要研究区域，在开展实地调研的基础上结合多源地理数据和多种模型方法探究了其乡村聚落规模体系、景观形态、布局等方面的时空演变格局；在社会经济、自然生态、土地功能等方面开展了相关研究，在此基础上选取了较为全面和科学的因素用于评价聚落演变和布局的驱动力，并且开展了空间异质性研究。最后，在乡村聚落规模体系、乡村振兴等视野下开展了乡村聚落空间重构与分区优化研究，研究发现乡村振兴多级目标重构对新疆绿洲乡村聚落优化至关重要，提出了未来规划和调控策略。除此之外，对北疆部分典型绿洲的乡村聚落也开展了相似的研究，用以验证和对比对塔里木盆地北缘绿洲乡村聚落的研究结果。研究结果丰富了新疆干旱区聚落研究理论，完善了具有绿洲特色的新疆聚落评价体系和优化研究范式，对促进新疆绿洲聚落规模体系结构优化与功能协调，生态文明建设以及科学推动新时代乡村振兴战略落实具有重要意义。