快速城市化下中国城市保障房社区的社会空间格局、特征与演化机理-以广州为例

For the first time in history, China's urbanization level reached 50% in 2011. The moment is symbolic as it suggests that China enters a specific stage of intensive urbanization. Against the context of a rising urban society, a great number of affordable housing estates appeared in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. They include formal affordable housing areas such as that of low-income hukou holders, informal affordable housing estates such as public rental housing areas, urban villages, and so on, for rural migrants.About 8% of Chinese urban dwellers now live in such specific communities. What will be the spatiality of China's affordable housing estates? What will be the development trends of various affordable housing estates? How to improve their management and help them integrate into the main society? All these questions remain to be answered. Both theoretical and empirical work are in need. In this sense, it is becoming more and more important for China's urban geographers to dig deep into the field to examine affordable housing estates with both theoretical and empirical work. As such, this project will take Guangzhou, one of the kep examples of Chinese cities, as a study case. Using a number of geographical research approaches such as fieldwork survey, questionniares, statistics, qualitative analysis, GIS, urban planning tools, and so on, with the perspectives of both static sociospatial analysis and dynamic sociospatial analysis, this project will try to understand the pattern, feature and mechanism of various affordable housing estates in Guangzhou. In this way, we will try to push forward the development of Chinese urban geography. The output of this project will produce important policy implications for the development of affordable housing estates in China.

2011年中国城市化水平首次达到50%，标志中国进入深度城市化阶段。伴随城市社会到来，大量保障房社区开始出现，包括本地中低收入群体聚居的正规化保障房社区（经适房社区、廉租房社区）、外来人口聚居的正规化社区（公租房）和非正规社区（小产权房、城中村）。中国模式的保障房社区具有何种空间性？各类保障房社区的演化趋向如何？如何优化其管理与融合？这些问题，均亟待回答。从社会空间角度入手，开展对保障房社区的理论和实践的研究，已成为当代中国城市地理研究的迫切任务，需要深入实证。为此，本项目将以广州为案例城市，采用田野调查、定量和质性分析方法、GIS技术、城市空间规划等相关理论方法、综合社会空间研究的传统静态视角和前沿发展的动态视角、以广州的典型正规和非正规保障房社区为实证对象，研究此类社区的社会空间格局、特征和演化机理，以此推动有中国特色的城市地理学发展、并为城市保障房社区的科学发展提供参考依据。

2013年以来，对核心案例城市广州各类保障房社区进行了系统实证，包括正规化保障房社区如经济适用房社区、廉租房社区等，也包括外来人口聚聚的非正规社区如城中村以及公租房社区等。分析了中国保障房社区的空间差异特别是社会空间差异，对其演化格局和机制进行了解析，对优化保障房社区管理的理论和国内外经验进行了整理和分析。综合运用了定性和定量研究分析方法，GIS技术，规划分析等科学方法，较为全面的把握了广州典型保障房社区的社会空间格局、特征和机制，为相关政策的制定和实施提供科学参考和依据。 此外，拓展了保障房社区的研究领域，将保障房社区的演化发展问题向城市社会韧性和城市社会可持续性方面发展，在国家新型城镇化政策推进的大背景下，将保障房社区的社会空间问题与人的城镇化相联系，拓展研究主题，特别是对外来人口或农民工的住房融入、社区融合方面，进行了新的研究尝试和理论总结，对移民城市的相关特征和理论进行了探讨，发展了基于住房和社区角度的城市化理论。