郊区居民日常活动的地方秩序嵌套及社区重构研究

With the “behavior-turn” of human geography, the process and mechanism of suburbanization based on individual behavior is the research frontier of urban studies at home and abroad. Stressing on the complex context of daily activities and focusing on the concept of “Pockets of Local Order”, "new" time-geography provide unique and useful approach and theoretical basis for a deep understanding of “suburbanism” in transitional urban China. “Pockets of Local Order, POLO” is one of the most important concepts in time-geography. It elaborated the complexity of human activities and its underlining social rules. In order to carry out any project-oriented activities, actors need to occupy certain space and to consume certain amount of time within certain “space-time pocket”, which should be sufficiently free from any encroachment. It depicted how different resources were arranged and stored up to fulfil the projects. “New” time-geography further developed the concept as well as notations system of POLO. “New” time-geography also put forward a conceptual framework as well as notation systems of human everyday activity in the complex context. “Everyday context” was used to emphasize the sequence of activity time. “Project context” was used to emphasize the internal connection of activities based on the concept of “project”, which was a goal-based task which need a series of activates to realize a certain goal. “Geographical context” was used to emphasize the sequence of activity place. Finally, “social context” was used to emphasize the social connection of activities. And a brand new notation systems of complex activity context using multi-dimension paths was developed within the framework of “New” time-geography..Therefore, this project introduced “New” time-geography approach and applied it into suburbanization studies in Chinese cities at the first time. Firstly, we tried to build up a framework of suburbanism in urban China based on “new” time-geography approach. Within this framework, we tried to understanding the meaning of the suburban community to the suburbanites ‘daily life, defined as the suburbanism, from both longitudinal changing process and spatial interaction reflected by POLOs. In detail, based on repeated cross-sectional activity dairy survey as well as panel survey, we firstly aimed to analyze the changing trend of suburbanites’ daily activities and the local order at the community level. Also, we aimed to describe and reveal the process and characteristics of “POLOs”. Secondly, based on the framework of complex context of “new” time-geography, the “coupling constraints” from family, the “authority constraints” from social organizations as well as “spatial constraints” and their impacts on individual’s spatial behavior would be detailed descripted and analyzed. Finally, we tried to put forward comprehensive management model of suburban community from multi-dimensions of behavior, space and society, and from the perspectives of allocation of community resources, adjustment of family relations and optimization of individual behavior, which could provide the policy basis for the reconstruction and transformation of the suburban community.

伴随人文地理学行为转向，基于个体行为的郊区化过程与机理透视是国内外城市研究的前沿。“新”时间地理学关于日常活动复杂情境及活动的地方秩序嵌套的新方法为解读中国城市郊区性提供了借鉴。本研究基于“新”时间地理学活动的地方秩序嵌套视角，分别从时间的变化过程及空间嵌套关系两方面，解读郊区社区对居民日常生活的意义，揭示中国城市郊区性的内涵及其变化。将基于对北京典型郊区社区居民在多个时间截面开展的活动日志调查及追踪调查数据，分析郊区居民日常活动模式及郊区社区地方秩序的变化趋势，透视郊区居民活动的地方秩序嵌套过程与特征。其次，借助新时间地理学关于复杂情境下日常活动分析方法，细致刻画家庭的组合制约、社会组织的权威制约及资源配置的空间制约等对个体行为的微观影响机理。最后，尝试从行为、空间、社会多个维度，立足社区资源配置、家庭关系调整及个体行为优化构建郊区社区综合治理模式，为郊区社区的重构与改造提供政策依据。

基于时间地理学的日常生活转型与社区重构是国内外城市研究的前沿。本项目基于新时间地理学企划和活动的地方秩序嵌套等理论视角，解读中国城市居民日常活动的时空特征与社区重构微观过程。实证研究上，以北京为案例城市，基于2017年、2019年、2020年、2021年等多个年份针对北京不同类型社区居民开展的活动日志综合调查数据，考察不同类型社区、典型群体日常活动的时空特征及其影响因素；以家庭为单元，在个体路径模型基础上考察家庭企划的实现过程以及家和社区的活动的地方秩序的变化，细致刻画家庭的组合制约、社会组织的权威制约及资源配置的空间制约等对个体行为的微观影响机理；解读疫情不同时期居民日常活动模式及社区地方秩序的变化趋势及微观机制。最后，尝试从行为、空间、社会多个维度，立足社区资源配置、家庭关系调整及个体行为优化构建基于新时间地理学的社区生活圈研究框架，为后疫情时期面向高质量发展、安全、和谐、宜居的社区重构与治理提供政策依据。