生活活动空间的郊区化研究：以北京市为例

In the process of rapid suburbanization,Chinese cities have been experiencing drastic urban spatial restructuring as well as profound transformation of residents' way of life and living and activity space. In recent decades, the suburbanization of residents' living and activity space became the fifth wave of suburbanization following the suburbanization waves of population, industry, commercial as well as office industry. In addition, there have been seeing problems of excessive comsumption of natural resources and energy, severe environment pollution, increasingly serious traffic congestion, the decline in quality of life, as well as social polarization and spatial differentiation et al.in the process of rapid suburbanization in transitional urban China. Therefore, there is an urgent need for introduction of behavioral perspectives into the traditional study of suburbanization, which would enhance our understanding of the process and the machanism of suburbanization from the perspective of individual's living and activity space, and would also contribute to reflect on the drawbacks of urban spatial organization and develop mode in the process of rapid suburbanization.Following this line of thinking, this study firstly put forward the conceptual frame of the suburbanization of living and activity space,as well as its measurement methods and index system. Secondly, in emprical studies, based on in-depth interview as well as questionare survey of the formation and transformation of suburban resident's living and activity space in Beijing, this study measured and classified individuals'living and acitivity space. Moreover, based on this results, this study further measured the degree of suburbanization of living and activity space of two study cases area. Finally, on the target of promoting social justice, harmony, and low-carbon development and enhancing residents' life quality and promote sustainable urban development, this study tried to restruct the suburban community based on individual's daily activity space, which could further adjust and optimiz spatial organization in suburban areas.

中国城市的郊区化不仅重塑了城市内部空间结构,还推动居民生活方式与生活活动空间的转变。生活活动空间的郊区化成为继人口、产业、商业及办公业等郊区化浪潮之后郊区化发展的新趋势。面对郊区化所伴随的资源能源消耗、环境污染、交通拥堵、生活质量下降及社会极化与空间分异等新问题，亟需引入行为研究方法，从个体生活活动空间的视角重新解读中国城市郊区化的过程与机制，并反思目前郊区化进程中城市空间组织及发展模式的弊端。本研究首先提出并构建生活活动空间郊区化的概念、研究框架及测度指标，基于对北京郊区居民生活活动空间形成与演变的深度访谈与问卷调查数据，对郊区居民的生活活动空间进行测度与分类，并对案例地区生活活动空间郊区化的程度及阶段进行判定，并尝试基于个体日常生活圈来重构郊区社区,从而对郊区空间进行优化调整,以期为实现郊区社会公平、提高生活质量及低碳城市建设提供政策建议。

面对郊区化所伴随的资源能源消耗、环境污染、交通拥堵、生活质量下降及社会极化与空间分异等新问题，本研究首先提出并构建生活活动空间郊区化的概念、研究框架及测度指标，并基于对北京郊区居民生活活动空间与设施利用的第一手问卷调查数据及深度访谈，从个体生活活动空间的视角重新解读中国城市郊区化的过程，并通过大量实证研究揭示城市空间重构的结构性因素、单位制度、保障性住房政策、户口等转型期制度性因素以及市场化过程中正在崛起的个人偏好与选择因素如何共同影响居民生活活动空间郊区化的程度与过程，并进一步拓展探讨生活活动空间郊区化对社会公平、生活质量、健康等的影响。此外，基于“新”时间地理学方法探讨郊区化背景下郊区化背景下居民日常生活活动的时空模式，尤其从活动的地方秩序嵌套的视角出发来分析生活活动空间郊区化过程中个体在自家、郊区社区、城市核心区等不同地方尺度上的时空秩序的重构及其机制。最后，以天通苑巨型居住区为例，基于社区生活圈的来重构郊区巨型居住区的社会空间单元，并以此为依据来进行社区公共设施优化实践，为实现郊区社会公平、提高生活质量及低碳城市建设提供政策建议。