基于典型抗生素药物电子束辐解相关特色作用机制及低剂量辐照处理应用研究

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) has caused serious environmental pollution in the world, for it widespread production and use. One important class of pharmaceuticals which has received recent consideration is antibiotics. The existing biological treatment technology and conventional advanced oxidation technology cannot treat such new pollutant effectively. Therefore, to seek an efficient means of degradation is the hot topic in environmental research..Due to some compounds under the photolysis can produce higher toxic substances under the photolysis, the electron beam irradiation technology as advanced oxidation treatment technology is a very promising treatment technology. Other research shows that this technology has some advantages, such as degradation efficiency is high, the degradation of organic pollutants is very thorough, it has no secondary pollution, etc. But there is no industrial scale sewage irradiation processing application in the domestic at present. To study whether this technology is effective for treatment of typical drug wastewater, first of all is to analyze irradiation degradation kinetics of drugs, and study the influence of various environmental factors. We need to study the irradiation degradation mechanism at the same time, in particular, to research the phase characteristics of physical and chemical properties of target antibiotics innovatively. To analyze its nanosecond level even picosecond level reaction condition using pulse radiolysis and laser photolysis transient time-resolved analysis method, further to clarify degradation characteristics and the related mechanism that pollutant interact with trigger molecules, ion sand free radicals. And to provide important technical for establishing an effective advanced oxidation typical drug wastewater treatment, comparing with drug photolysis properties study and combining the condition of photolysis. The research adopted quantum chemical calculation method to finish theoretical calculation on the degradation of organic pollution, thereby improve the analysis of the experimental results. Combining with the related degradation mechanism, we can establish effective radiation processing equipment. The project of the research results will provide scientific basis to the environmental and health risk assessment of the typical antibiotic drugs. At the same time, it can be applied to the advanced oxidation technology to deal with drug pollutants such as water pollution control areas, provide effective technical support for the drug pollution control.

包括抗生素在内的医药品与个人护理用品（PPCPs）的广泛生产和使用，已经在世界范围内造成严重的环境污染。现有处理技术无法有效治理。基于电子束辐照技术处理效率高、对有机物污染物降解彻底，没有二次污染等优点，本项目计划采用辐照技术处理典型药物废水，分析药物辐照降解动力学，并研究各种环境因素的影响。同时开展辐照降解机理研究，特别要开展辐照药物物理化学阶段特性方面的创新性研究，利用脉冲辐解和激光光解等瞬态时间分辨分析手段，进一步阐明激发分子、离子、自由基与污染物等作用特性及相关降解机理。另外开展与药物光解特性进行对比研究，结合光解情况，为建立有效的高级氧化处理典型药物废水提供重要的技术支持。另外通过采用量子化学等计算方法，对有机污染的降解过程进行理论计算，并结合降解机理，建立有效的辐照处理装置。研究成果可为典型抗生素药物的环境归趋、环境风险评估提供科学依据，并为污染控制提供有有效技术支撑。

抗生素已广泛用于治疗人类和动物疾病，以及牲畜和水产养殖的生长促进剂。水生环境中抗生素可能的来源包括生活污水，医疗或工业废水的排放以及农业，畜牧业，水产养殖业的排放。环境中抗生素的存在将可能导致含有耐药基因的细菌的出现，这将对生态和健康产生不可逆转的不利影响。.该项目根据课题计划进行。课题先从典型城市抗生素污染调查开展研究，分析典型城市9条主要河流以及其他典型的区域，包括医院，工厂等附近的河流交叉口收集区域点。进行实测和分析，筛选出了上海都市地区的典型抗生素，研究了该类药物在典型城市水体系统的迁移转化规律。.本课题在检测到上海水体中抗生素的分布后，利用电子束辐照对水体中的抗生素进行降解，并研究其降解过程中的产物对环境是否会产生二次污染，利用软件计算来模拟降解原理，旨在寻找以一种高效绿色的方法来降解处理水体中的抗生素。本项目研究发现，采用低剂量电子束（EB）辐照技术处理，可以有效降解抗生素，并达到完全矿化，具有广泛的适用性。对提升和扩展对此类污染物的有效处理应用具有良好的指导借鉴作用，并显示出出色的应用前景。另外通过分析辐照过程中的影响因素作用，例如辐照剂量，初始污染物浓度，pH，自由基清除剂，无机离子和H2O2等，并进行多种综合评估。同时研究了天然地表水中包含多种成分，如离子，溶解有机物（DOM）和悬浮固体（SS）对辐照降解的影响作用，探索实际处理条件下，相关辐照处理的技术及工艺效果。同时通过鉴定了EB辐照降解药物过程中形成的主要中间体，无机离子和有机酸，并根据相关产物分析其降解机理，提出了抗生素的降解途径及辐照作用机理，为实际应用打下良好的基础，从而支持相关辐照技术的实际应用，实现污染物的有效处理。.项目研究按计划完成，发表标注论文24篇，其中SCI论文23篇，培养学生9名，其中包括博士3名，硕士6名。