远洋渔民抑郁障碍发生机制及影响因素的追踪研究

Hard work of pelagic fishing puts great stress on fishermen,and produces stress responses in physiology, psychology and behavior, then results in mental disorders, e.g., depressive disorders. In the multi-wave longitudinal study, 2000 fishermen are selected by using cluster sampling of the fishermen groups according to a stratified design of east, south and west areas. In study 1, referring to the Stressor-Response model in pelagic fishing, we track the fluctuations in physiology, psychology and behavior of fishermen at sea, and examine the moderation effects of diathesis. In study 2, referring to the Response-Depressive Disorders model, we choose subjects who have normal depression before ocean navigation but higher depression after ocean navigation. According to DSM-IV, we diagnose depressive disorders every month for half a year to investigate the prevalence of depressive disorders in pelagic fishermen, and analyze the mediation effects of stress and diathesis. Combining study 1 with study 2, we establish a two-stage model: "Pelagic Working Stressor-Response-Depressive Disorders", to give a reference for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders, protect mental health in fishermen, increase work efficiency and promote the development of pelagic fishing.

远洋捕捞艰苦的海上工作环境让渔民长时间处于心理应激状态，在生理、心理和行为等方面产生一系列应激反应，继而引发精神障碍，如抑郁障碍等。本研究拟采用多时段追踪研究设计，分层整群抽样选取2000名远洋渔民，第一阶段参照"远洋工作应激-应激反应"模型，追踪记录渔民在远洋工作环境下的生理、心理和行为变化，并探讨其中素质的调节作用，第二阶段参照"应激反应-抑郁障碍"模型，从所有被试中挑选出出航前抑郁水平正常但返航后抑郁反应较严重的被试，进行每月一次且持续半年的抑郁障碍诊断性访谈，调查抑郁障碍的发生率，并分析其中应激和素质的中介作用。结合两阶段数据初步构建"远洋工作应激-应激反应-抑郁障碍"的两阶段模型，为抑郁障碍的预防与治疗，维护渔民身心健康，提高远洋工作效率和推动远洋渔业的发展提供参考。

远洋捕捞艰苦的海上工作环境让渔民长时间处于心理应激状态，在生理、心理和行为等方面产生一系列应激反应，继而引发精神障碍，如抑郁障碍等。本研究采用了追踪研究设计，分层整群抽样调查了1609名远洋渔民，第一阶段参照“远洋工作应激-应激反应”模型，追踪记录渔民在远洋工作环境下的生理、心理和行为变化，并探讨其中素质的调节作用，第二阶段参照“应激反应-抑郁障碍”模型，从所有被试中挑选出出航前抑郁水平正常但返航后抑郁反应较严重的被试，进行每月一次且持续半年的抑郁障碍诊断性访谈，结果显示抑郁障碍的发生率为0。其他的数据还在进一步分析中。本研究为维护渔民身心健康，提高远洋工作效率和推动远洋渔业的发展提供参考。