不同原料生物质活性炭品质与制备条件的物化关联规律

Comparing with traditional batch-type steam activation technology, the continuous auto-thermal activated carbon preparation technology has the advantages of rapid carbonization and activation, high production efficiency, continuous production, and high quality of products. In the process of industrialization promotion of this technology, the process conditions of different biomass are difficult to be determined due to the diversity of biomass and the complexity of their composition and construction. Based on the continuous auto-thermal activated carbon preparation technology, the micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) will be used to detect the relevance between carbonization and activation kinetics and the composition and structure of raw material biomass. The effects of factors on the activated carbon properties and the fast activation mechanism will be studied in detail. Using statistics analysis method, the relevance regularity between “biomass properties ↔ fast carbonization and activation conditions ↔ activated carbon performances” will be finally obtained. The present research can perfect the theory of activated carbon preparation, avoid the complicated and repetitive technics parameters optimization of different biomass materials, and at the same time provide guidance for choosing raw material and process conditions in the continuous auto-thermal activated carbon preparation technology.

连续自热式活性炭生产工艺与传统间歇式水蒸气活化生产工艺相比，具有炭化活化速度快、生产效率高、可连续生产、活性炭品质高的优点。然而由于生物质种类的多样性和组成结构的复杂性，使得炭化活化工艺条件难以确定。本项目根据该工艺的特点，采用微型流化床反应分析仪研究不同原料的炭化和活化动力学行为与原料组成和结构之间的关系，并在此基础上进一步获得原料的组成结构和炭化条件对炭化产物分布和性质的影响规律，明确快速水蒸汽活化过程中各因素对活性炭性能的影响，揭示快速活化过程的活化机理，总结出“生物质原料性质↔快速炭化活化条件↔活性炭性能”的关联规律，在完善活性炭制备相关理论的同时，可避免生产过程中针对不同生物质原料进行繁复的生产条件优化，为连续自热式活性炭生产技术在原料及工艺条件选择上提供理论指导。

本项目采用微型流化床反应分析仪研究了不同原料的炭化和活化动力学行为与原料组成和结构之间的关系，研究表明在原料的碳化过程中，H2、CO、CH4 的生成耦合了不同的反应过程，存在较复杂的形成机理。在炭化料性质和活化条件对活性炭性能的影响研究方面，发现了炭化料脱灰对炭化料活化性能乃至活性炭产品品质具有重大的影响，脱灰处理是一种有效提高活性炭性能的途径，这一发现对于高品质活性炭的制备具有重要指导意义。在此基础上，我们对从副产物脱灰碱液中提取二氧化硅进行了研究，实现了脱灰碱液的资源化利用。