Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease, and its etiology and pathogenesis is not yet fully elucidated. Studies have shown that lipotoxicity has a very important role in the occurrence and development of insulin resistance. Lipotoxicity can lead to the development of ectopic lipid stores in metabolically relevant tissues and induce insulin resistance in these tissues, and ultimately the development of insulin resistance as a whole. Wild rice are whole grains, and their nutrition characteristics and consumption history prompt that wild rice may improve glucose and lipid metabolism. Our previous study showed that wild rice can decrease serum lipid profiles and ameliorate fatty liver in rats induced by high fat and cholesterol diet. Therefore, we hypothesized that wild rice may improve lipotoxicity of peripheral tissue and inhibit insulin resistance and further development by reducing the circulating free fatty acids and their metabolites, and decreasing inflammatory factors level. In this study, animal experiment and dietary intervention for patients with impaired glucose tolerance will be adopted, and using immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time quantitative PCR method to study the changes of inflammatory factors and adipokines levels in the process of lipotoxicity-induced insulin resistance. As well as to reveal the effects of Chinese wild rice on regulating lipotoxicity to improve insulin resistance and related mechanisms, consequently provide new targets and theoretical basis for nutrition prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2 型糖尿病是常见的代谢性疾病,其病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明。研究表明,脂质毒性在胰岛素抵抗发生和发展过程中有着非常重要的作用,能够诱导外周组织器官异位脂肪蓄积诱导胰岛素抵抗,最终发展为整体的胰岛素抵抗。菰米属于全谷物,其营养特征和食用历史提示菰米可能具有改善糖脂代谢的作用。申请者前期实验表明,菰米能够降低血脂、改善高脂膳食诱导的大鼠脂肪肝。因此我们推测,菰米可能通过降低循环系统的游离脂肪酸及其代谢产物,改善机体的炎性水平,从而降低外周组织的脂质毒性,抑制胰岛素抵抗的发生和进一步发展。本研究通过动物试验和人群膳食干预研究,利用免疫组织化学、western blot、实时定量PCR等方法,从整体水平和分子水平研究脂质毒性诱导胰岛素抵抗过程中,炎性因子水平和脂肪因子水平的变化,以及菰米调控脂质毒性改善胰岛素抵抗的作用和相关机制,从而为营养干预防治糖尿病提供新的靶点和理论依据。
本研究通过动物试验和人群膳食干预研究,利用免疫组织化学、western blot、实时定量PCR等方法,从整体水平和分子水平研究脂质毒性诱导胰岛素抵抗过程中,炎性因子水平和脂肪因子水平的变化,以及菰米调控脂质毒性改善胰岛素抵抗的作用和相关机制,从而为营养干预防治糖尿病提供新的靶点和理论依据。研究结果表明我国野生菰米为低血糖生成指数食物,血糖生成指数为53.72。用菰米替代高脂膳食中的精米面,能够降低大鼠体重、内脏脂肪蓄积、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清游离脂肪酸、糖化血红蛋白及血脂,还能够降低血清炎性因子水平和脂肪因子水平,且高剂量菰米组和低剂量菰米组与阴性对照组间差异无统计学意义,但高剂量菰米组改善血脂、血糖、胰岛素敏感性的效果要优于低剂量菰米组。菰米还可以显著减轻大鼠肝脏脂肪变性和炎性程度。菰米能够改善由高脂膳食诱导的GSIS功能下降,高剂量菰米组、低剂量菰米组与阴性对照组之间GSIS功能无显著差异。机制研究表明,与模型组、米面组相比,菰米组大鼠肝脏组织中PPARα、IRS-1、IRS-2基因及蛋白表达显著升高,NF-κB基因及蛋白表达显著下降,小肠组织中PPARγ、IRS-1 mRNA表达显著升高,NF-κB mRNA表达显著下降;脂肪组织中PPAR、IRS-1、IRS-2表达显著升高,NF-κB 表达显著下降,可能通过稳定血脂血糖,下调游离脂肪酸的含量,提高大鼠胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌GSIS功能,调节脂肪因子和炎性因子的表达,改善脂肪细胞和免疫细胞的功能,减缓脂毒性从而改善胰岛素抵抗。人群膳食干预3个月后,与对照组相比,蛋白质、膳食纤维摄入量有显著增加,腰围、腰臀比(WHR)、收缩压、舒张压、血糖、胰岛素、GHbAlc、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、Leptin均显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C、ADP有显著升高,说明菰米替代精米面能够改善胰岛素抵抗状态和炎性状态,可以作为谷物资源防治脂质毒性相关慢性病T2DM、非酒精性脂肪肝和动脉粥样硬化等。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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