我国城市边界效应对区域经济发展的作用机制和政策效应评估

Insufficient economic development imbalance has seriously hindered the coordinated development of China's regional economy, which is particularly serious in the border areas, such as the Beijing-Tianjin poverty belt that has been plagued for many years. Space boundaries bring additional transaction costs and constrain the distribution of production factors, which in turn hinders regional economic growth and exacerbates development imbalances. However, subject to differences in the attributes of natural boundaries (rivers, mountains, etc.), artificial boundaries (dialects, etc.) and political boundaries, combined with China’s apparent spatial heterogeneity, the mechanism of action of different regions and different types of urban boundaries on regional economic development is significantly different. However, the existing research pays more attention to the political boundary effect, and there is no research on the differences in the mechanism of action between types and regions, and its policy treatment effect studies are still lacking..This study, from the theoretical, empirical and policy levels, is based on the prefecture-level cities in China since 2000, and comprehensively explores the role mechanism and policy treatment effects of China's urban boundary effects on regional economic development. In the theoretical part, based on the CP model of the new economic geography, the boundary effect coefficient is added outside the Iceberg Transport Cost, and the theoretical mechanism model of the boundary effect on regional economic development is constructed. And what’s more, the Chinese urban boundary space database is constructed by ArcGIS and subdivided into three categories: natural boundary, artificial boundary and political boundary. In the empirical part, the existing paradigm of “urban boundary → regional economy” is broken, and the research paradigm of “urban boundary → production factor → regional economy” is constructed. Then the mechanism of regional boundary effect of different regions and different types on urban economic development is evaluated, and the mediation mode of its production factors is identified, which can help us identify the primary boundary issues in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. In the policy part, we evaluate the effect of policy implementation aimed at reducing the boundary effect from the three scales of urban agglomeration, metropolitan area and city itself. That is to say, whether the three major policy tools, such as urban agglomeration expansion, metropolitan area construction and city jurisdiction integration, can effectively solve the urban boundary effect problem or not. Based on these, the study can provide a more targeted policy for the local government.

发展不平衡不充分严重阻碍我国区域经济协调发展，边界地区尤为严峻。空间边界会带来额外交易成本和制约要素流通配置，并阻碍区域经济增长。不同地区、不同类型的城市边界对区域经济发展的作用机制却有明显不同。.从理论、实证和政策层面，以2000年以来我国地级城市为对象，探讨边界效应对区域经济发展的作用机制和政策效应评估。理论上，基于新经济地理学核心-边缘模型，在冰山成本外加入边界系数，构建边界效应对区域经济发展的理论机制模型。同时，搭建中国城市自然、人为和政治边界空间数据库。实证上，构建“城市边界→生产要素→区域经济”研究范式，评估不同地区、不同类型的边界效应对区域经济发展的作用机制，并识别生产要素的中介作用，明确地区间的首要边界问题。政策上，分别从城市群、都市圈和城市尺度评估旨在破解边界效应的政策实施效果，即城市群扩容、都市圈建设和市辖区整合等政策工具能否有效降低城市边界效应，提供更有效的政策方案。

我国社会经济取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，城镇化进程不断推进，却也面临着区域发展不平衡不充分等突出矛盾，发展差距较大所带来的区域分化现象也逐渐显现，这在城市之间的边界地区尤为明显。基于空间分析工具和空间计量方法，本研究综合采用遥感数据和时空大数据等，分别从经济生产、社会生活和环境生态等三个维度全面评估分析了近年来我国城市社会经济发展所面临的边界效应问题及其解决对策，为新时代更好地推进区域一体化发展和高质量发展提供了必要的政策建议和优化路径。研究结果发现，第一，近年来中国城市经济效率总体呈东高西低、有明显的空间外溢和空间边界效应。中国城市经济效率波动受制于城镇产业模型、政府经济策略与社会发展水平及其城镇化进程，而城市规模也有非线性的影响作用。第二，近年来我国城市存在公共服务视野下明显的空间不正义问题，临近省市政府能享受更多、更好的公共服务，而区政府并不显著，且远离政府权力中心的边缘地带更加严重。不过，这种空间不正义问题更多源自省市政府权力的空间资源配置失衡，区政府没有足够话语权；主要在市辖区层面，街道尺度并不显著。受制于公共产品属性不同，不同公共服务的空间不正义问题有明显差异，弱排他性或弱竞争性的问题较小。第三，京津冀交界地区的空间管治要素有明显的地域性分布特征，开展京津冀交界地区的跨区管控必须完善好产业、财政、土地、人口与政绩考核等配套政策，从而为推进京津冀协同发展战略、实现人口经济密集地区优化开发提供空间管治新模式。第四，排除空间干扰的行政管辖和城市规模视角下我国城市房地产开发投资行为有稳健的、显著的正向区际空间效应，即同一省区、规模相似的城市增加房地产开发投资更能刺激本城市投资行为，城市房地产开发投资行为确实存在明显的正向的府际互动策略，并不是“地理学第一定律”所带来的空间假象。总体而言，新时代边界效应问题已经成为制约区域协调发展迈进更高水平和更高质量的现实困难。