重大建设项目工程移民的致贫机理、住区重构和社会融合：快速城市化视角

Involuntary migration induced by large-scale construction projects resulting in mandatory transfer of welfare will cause serious social injustice and urban problems. With project-induced migration as the research object, this paper will explore pauperization mechanism, resettlement and social integration with the context of rapid urbanization by complex systems science and engineering sociological theory. There are four parts, namely: (1) characterization of migration path choices and social embededness system with the analysis of migration poverty and its multiple features; (2) establishment of pauperization and impact mechanism of project-induced migration in the context of rapid urbanization with aspects of poverty cycle and entrance withdrawal mechanism, evolution of poverty driven by population mobility, poverty intergeneration and ethnic group passing, and poverty early warning; (3) theories and solutions of project-induced migration mobility and resettlement by analyzing the residential welfare imbalance, residential segregation and marginalization, living behavior and population mobility, and competition and interaction among ethnic groups; (4) exploration of social response and adaptation mechanisms and lastly, governance and social integration policy framework with the basis of comprehensive performance assessment and optimization. This research tries to reveal the theoretical core of pauperization mechanism and social integration of project-induced migration, which is a common phenomenon at present in China, and provide an analysis method and decision-making reference to urban sustainability and comprehensive benefits optimization of large-scale construction projects.

重大建设项目驱动工程性非自愿移民福利强制转移，引发严重城市和社会公平问题，而在快速城市化影响下其问题诸多机理尚不明晰。本课题以工程移民为研究对象，运用复杂系统科学和工程社会学理论，探讨快速城市化影响下工程移民致贫机理、住区重构和社会融合。通过移民贫困界定和多体特征分析，归纳我国移民迁移路径选择和社会嵌入体系；从贫困周期与"进退"机制、人口流动驱动贫困演变、贫困代际族群传递和贫困风险预警等方面入手，构建快速城市化背景下工程移民动态致贫机理和影响机制；从居住福利失衡、居住隔离与边缘化、居住行为与人口流动、族际竞争互动四方面，综合研究工程移民住区重构及其居住流动理论方法与路径；探讨现行政策下其社会响应和适应机制，并在综合绩效评价基础上优化工程移民贫困治理和社会融合的政策框架。本课题有助于揭示现阶段我国工程移民致贫和社会融合的理论内核，为城市可持续发展和重大项目发挥综合效益提供分析路径和决策参考。

重大项目建设驱动大规模非自愿工程移民，引发其福利转移、贫困聚集、居住隔离和空间分异等社会公平与效率失衡问题，而快速城市化加剧了移民住区社会重构的难度导致严重的城市社会问题。本研究基于工程移民视角，探求快速城市化影响下工程移民致贫机理、住区重构和社会融合。通过梳理和界定国内外工程移民致贫成因、社会冲突及治理模式，归纳我国移民迁移路径选择和社会嵌入体系；从贫困周期与“进退”机制、人口流动驱动贫困演变、贫困代际族群传递和贫困风险预警四个方面，建立Logistic贫困模型、劳动力流动二元逻辑回归和随机森林模型等，以此构建快速城市化背景下工程移民动态致贫机理和影响机制；课题先后5次对重庆和湖北等省市20多个三峡库区移民小区实地调研，从居住福利失衡、居住隔离与边缘化、居住行为与人口流动、族际竞争互动四个方面，综合研究工程移民住区重构及其居住流动发展模式与路径选择；针对现行政策方案下工程移民社会响应及参与机制，建立不同时间节点政策实施的社会综合评价机制，并在此基础上优化工程移民贫困治理和社会融合的政策框架。本研究旨在描绘重大建设项目工程移民致贫及社会融合的内涵机理，为快速城市化的持续发展和重大项目建设的综合效益提供决策思路和优化路径。