海洋动力环境作用下的深海采矿矿浆泵水力提升关键技术研究

The project aims at the technological research on slurry pump hydraulic ore-lifting for deep-sea mining system. Based on the ocean dynamical environment for the ore-lifting system, the mechanical model and analytical method for the system are established firstly. According to the complex movement of the ore-lifting system, geometry nonlinear mechanics analysis is made to explore the co-moving discipline of the slurry pump and the ore-lifting pipeline. Secondly, the numerical calculation analysis model of three-dimensional turbulent is established to conduct numerical calculation of the solid-liquid two-phase fluid in the slurry pump.Based on calculation results,the influence which the ocean dynamic working conditions imposed on pressure field, solid and liquid velocity，the water-head, efficiency and cavitation as well as the influence on erosion properties of the solid particles in slurry pump are analyzed. Based on the above research,the calculation method for the water-head and efficiency of slurry pump as well as the predicting method for performance are obtained. Thirdly, based on research results,design methods and key technology for slurry pump are established,and the designe method for flow passage components, such as impeller and volute, are put forward so as to carry out the research on the 6000m deep-sea mining system. Finally, based on the similarity theory,the slurry pump hydraulic ore-lifting experimental system which can simulate the ocean dynamical conditions are established,the simulation model,results of numerical simulation and method of design are tested .The research project will provide theoretical support and technical reserve for the design of the deep-sea mining system.

项目针对深海采矿矿浆泵水力提升的关键技术进行研究。首先，根据海洋动力环境工况，建立深海采矿扬矿系统力学分析方法和模型，分析扬矿系统做复杂几何非线性运动的力学特性，研究矿浆泵与扬矿管道的随动规律。其次，建立海洋动力环境下矿浆泵固液两相流体数值计算模型，对矿浆泵内的复杂三维湍流场进行数值模拟，研究海洋动力环境对矿浆泵压力场、速度场、扬程、效率、汽蚀和泵内固体颗粒冲蚀特性的影响规律，提出矿浆泵性能参数计算及预测方法。然后，开展深海采矿用矿浆泵的设计理论与方法研究，提出矿浆泵叶轮与蜗壳等过流零件的设计方法，形成深海采矿用矿浆泵的设计理论与关键技术，并对6000m深海采矿扬矿系统的矿浆泵进行研究。最后，建立能模拟海洋动力环境下运动的矿浆泵水力提升实验系统，通过实验研究对仿真模型、数值模拟结果和设计方法进行校验。项目完成后将为我国深海采矿扬矿系统关键装备的自主设计与制造提供理论支撑与技术储备。

深海采矿输送系统作用在复杂的海洋动力环境下，矿浆泵作为其关键的部分，对于整个系统的效率具有重要的影响。虽然国内外学者在该泵的设计方面做了很多研究，但大多数都是假设工作在静态环境条件下。本项目首次针对海洋动力环境下的采矿输送系统研究，并主要从以下几个方面研究：首先，项目根据深海采矿扬矿系统在海洋动力环境下工作的情况，建立系统力学分析模型和分析方法，针对扬矿系统做复杂运动的情况进行几何非线性力学分析，研究矿浆泵随扬矿管道一起运动的规律。其次，建立海洋动力环境下矿浆泵内流体数值计算分析模型，对矿浆泵内的流体进行数值模拟计算，分析海洋动力环境对矿浆泵内部固液两相流体压力场、固液流速场的影响，以及对矿浆泵的扬程、效率和汽蚀特性的影响程度，研究矿浆泵过流零件、叶轮的设计方法以及矿浆泵的扬程、效率计算方法及性能预测方法，建立海洋动力环境下矿浆泵的设计方法，并对1000米海上试验系统和6000米深海采矿系统矿浆泵进行研究。然后，根据模型相似理论，建立能模拟海洋动力环境下运动的矿浆泵水力提升实验设备，通过实验研究，分析海洋动力环境对矿浆泵性能参数和对输送流体性能参数的影响，对仿真模型和设计方法进行试验校验。项目完成后，将为深海采矿扬矿系统的设计提供技术储备。