基于热-力耦合失效的高速弹体侵蚀机理及抗侵蚀方法研究

With the increasing of the impact velocity, the kinetic energy projectile may face the problem of structural integrity during penetration caused by the serious mass loss, resulting in the nose abrasion, bending or breaking of the projectile, the trajectory deviation as well as dramatic drop of Depth of Penetration. This project is focused on the application of the high velocity earth penetration weapon for the future. The kinetic energy projectile subjected to high velocity penetration into concrete are analyzed. Based on the micro failure mechanisms of mass loss, the microstructure and the metallographic structural evolution are proposed. The relationship between the microscopic failure and macroscopic failure are discussed. In consideration of the thermal coupling failure, the thermoplastic abrasion model of the projectile are established involved with the effect of "abrasion" and "ablation". the dynamic response of the projectile during penetration as well as the trajectory are analyzed. The anti-abrasion method are proposed based on the parameters sensitivity analysis. Enhancing the depth of penetration, the high velocity penetration experiment are conducted to validate the theoretical model and numerical results. The research findings will provide theoretical principles for developing hypervelocity applications, and military application of high-speed earth penetration weapon in the future.

动能弹侵彻混凝土过程中，弹体的侵蚀效应随着侵彻速度的提高变得显著，导致弹体质量损失、侵彻弹道偏斜，甚至弹体结构破坏与失效，严重影响了钻地战斗部的侵彻效率。本课题以未来高速深钻地战斗部应用为研究背景，以动能弹体高速侵彻混凝土过程为研究对象。通过开展热-力耦合作用下高速弹体侵蚀效应微观机理研究，揭示弹体表层材料微观失效演变机制，阐明弹体侵蚀效应微观失效机理与宏观材料破坏的关系；基于高速侵彻过程中弹体与靶体间的局部热-力场耦合相互作用，建立“磨蚀”和“烧蚀”效应联合作用下高速侵彻弹体侵蚀失效理论模型；分析考虑侵蚀效应的弹体动力学响应及弹道偏转规律，开展影响弹体侵蚀效应的参数敏感性分析，并据此设计高速弹体抗侵蚀方法；最后开展高速弹体侵彻混凝土验证试验，实现提高高速钻地弹侵彻深度的目的。该研究成果可为高速侵彻战斗部的设计提供理论依据，为高速钻地弹未来军事化应用提供技术支撑。

本项目从微观失效角度分析，阐述了高速侵彻过程中弹体表层组织分区及其在侵彻中相互演变机制，指出了弹体侵蚀失效的必要条件；在考虑弹体高速侵彻过程中的热效应后，建立了基于“磨蚀”和“烧蚀”联合作用下热塑性失稳的弹体侵蚀效应理论模型，分析了侵蚀侵彻过程中典型特征，阐明了弹体侵蚀效应机理的主导因素；将粘弹性本构关系引入到Flat-Joint模型中，推导出粘弹性的力-位移更新公式以及率相关的粘结键断裂准则，建立了基于CT图像的混凝土细观映射骨料模型，根据应力-应变曲线、断裂粘结键数量变化曲线以及断裂时刻分布分析了不同应变率条件下的裂纹扩展规律；最后，开展了弹体高速侵彻混凝土的热力耦合试验研究，揭示了高速侵彻中弹体温升机制，相关研究成果可应用于我国某钻地弹的分析计算中，对于提高钻地弹等武器的攻击能力具有一定的理论参考价值，并可以推广应用到其他类似侵彻战斗部的设计与威力评估中。