社会空间视角下民族旅游社区空间景观生产过程及机制

As one of the central elements attracting tourists, minority community space is the object of tourists’ overall experience, and provides a basis for the sustainable development of tourism. As the globalization spreads to the remote areas and China further opens itself to the outside world, its policy of promoting balanced regional development has been steadily implemented. In these backgrounds, tourist’s activities in China begin to spread to the western region, so that more and more minority communities have become tourism destinations because of their culture diversity. . In many minority communities which have developed tourism industry, such phenomenon as commercialization of the ethnic culture, loss of the minority culture, changes of the landscape, conflicts among residents and governments, tourists, business operators and other groups have attracted wide attention, and become the main issues that many scholars of tourism are trying to resolve. However, although studies on tourism impact have been one of the important branches of tourism research, and have achieved fruitful results, some of their conclusions are often confusing. The reason lies in the fact that, while tourism is a social, economic and cultural phenomenon, it also maintains a very close relationship with the background of tourism destinations, tourist generating regions and travel channels. For the complexity involved, a clear distinction between tourism impacts and other modern factors is difficult to make. And since 1978 when China’s reform and open policy began to be implemented, social interactions between its eastern and western regions have become more and more frequent and complex. Tourism impact is unlikely to be the single factor on the minority communities. Ethnic villages are tourism destinations. No matter what new phenomena and problems arise inside them, the phenomena and problems are all spatial phenomena. . Taking minority community (social) space as its objective, this study combines Postmodernism and Social Constructivism research paradigms under the guidance of the Space Production Theory, and tries to explore the relationship between tourists and minority community space. The research findings are as follows. First, one of the fundamental impetuses for tourism to bring about changes in minority community space is that tourists have become a subject of the space. Second, tourism stakeholders play an important role in constructing the minority community space, and by taking possession of the space they manage to be its immediate producer. Third, the diversification of space production subjects, and the dislocation of the subjects’ production goals and actions, serve as an account for recurrent conflicts in minority space production. In addition, this study discusses formation of a community of common interests.

旅游影响研究已经成为旅游地理研究领域的重要分支。作为以传统社区景观为核心吸引力的民族社区，多数都在旅游发展之后出现空间景观变迁的现象。本课题以民族社区空间景观为研究对象，基于探索旅游影响民族社区空间景观变迁过程的研究目的，借助空间生产理论，并结合研究问题，建立研究框架。通过结合地理学、人类学、语言学等学科的研究方法。以多元主体对于民族社区空间的建构、旅游发展后民族社区空间生产主体及社会关系的改变、旅游发展后民族社区空间生产规则的改变作为研究的三个主体内容，进而研究旅游发展后，民族社区空间景观生产的过程及规律，从而探索旅游影响研究的新路径。

在当前社会发展背景下，由于旅游活动的开展，使得一些以旅游业作为发展战略的民族村寨出现了一些新的社会现象，包括村寨物质景观的改变和传统的流逝等，通过案例研究，文章发现旅游活动影响了岜沙苗寨的空间变迁，由于旅游活动需要借助大量媒体的宣传，使得外部不断增加对特定民族村寨的关注，而游客的旅游活动也使得外部的知识、技术、思想等逐步进入民族村寨的空间范围之内，从而使得村寨居民的生产规则、生活习惯等发生逐步的改变。. 另外，旅游影响研究已经成为旅游地理研究领域的重要分支。作为以传统社区景观为核心吸引力的民族社区，多数都在旅游发展之后出现空间景观变迁的现象。本课题以民族社区空间景观为研究对象，基于探索旅游影响民族社区空间景观变迁过程及其机制为研究目的，借助空间生产理论，并结合研究问题，建立研究框架。通过结合地理学、人类学、语言学等学科的研究方法。以多元主体对于民族社区空间的建构、旅游发展后民族社区空间生产主体及社会关系的改变、旅游发展后民族社区空间生产规则的改变作为研究的三个主体内容，进而研究旅游发展后，民族社区空间景观生产的过程及规律，从而探索旅游影响研究的新路径。.. 本课题基于跨学科的研究视角，通过对社会空间、社区、社区变迁等概念的阐释，进而在借助空间生产理论核心思想的基础上，将研究问题进行分解，并建立“社会关系-空间建构-生产规则”作为分析框架。在这一分析框架的基础上，设计了以民族社区为对象的案例研究，借助人类学田野调查方法收集相应的研究资料，包括结构访谈、半结构访谈、参与式观察和非参与式观察等方法收集了大量一手资料，通过对研究问题的逐步解决，研究得出旅游推动民族村寨空间变迁的过程是一个由社会关系变动引起空间建构，最终导致空间生产的规则发生改变的社会过程。