社会空间视角下的苏南乡村空间转型与规划调控研究

In current，the construction of new countryside dominated by local government lead to a thorough reconstruction of the rural space in Southern Jiangsu. The New Countryside Construction just like a double-edged sword, it had been promoting a comprehensive and rapid transition of the rural space, in the same time, it also had brought many negative effects to the rural sustainable development. There is a dialectical interactive relationship between "Society" and "Space", the society shaped the space, and also be shaped by the space. Spatial transition always going with the social transition and the social transition are restricted to the specific spatial structure. This research will introduce the philosophical aspects of "social space" to the rural space, with a case study of Suzhou, with four stages of RSD (Remotely Sensed Data) as information source since 1978, use GIS spatial anaysis and rural surveys, give an empirical study on the spatial temporal characteristics of the rural spatial transformation in Southern Jiangsu. Based on these analysis, the research systematically study on the mechanism, risk and planning control of rural spatial transformation，respectively with the interpretive perspective, criticism perspective and normative perspective from the social space. .Through embedding the rural spatial transformation into the transition of specific local social system, and tracking the events of development and investing the reflection of the village on external environmental changes, the research will depthly analysis the dynamic mechanism of the rural spatial transformation in Southern Jiangsu. Under the critically perspective of social space, the research will assess the performance, potential risk and institutional root of the rural spatial transformation and reconstruction in Southern Jiangsu. From the normative analysis of social space, the research will focus on the innovation of rural planning management system, to propose the regulatory countermeasures to the reasonable reconstruction of the rural space in Southern Jiangsu..This research not only will help to promote the innovation of rural planning and the spatial theory of rural geography in China, but also will contribute to the practice of new countryside construction in Southern Jiangsu, to prompt the rural areas with the healthy and orderly development.

当前，地方政府主导下的新农村规划与建设正在彻底重构苏南乡村空间。这在推动乡村社会全面、快速转型的同时，也给乡村全面协调可持续发展带来诸多负面影响。基于"社会"与"空间"辩证互动关系，以苏州为例，在对改革开放以来苏南乡村转型时空特征分析的基础上，分别从社会空间的解释视角、批判视角和规范视角对苏南乡村空间的转型机制、转型风险及规划调控进行系统研究：将苏南乡村空间转型"嵌入"到具体社会制度变迁的地方情境之中，通过对影响苏南发展大事件的历时性追踪和村庄对外部环境变迁响应的调查，深入剖析苏南乡村空间转型的动力机制；从社会空间理论的批判视角，对苏南乡村空间转型的绩效、风险及其产生体制根源进行解析；从社会空间理论的规范层面，面向苏南乡村可持续发展和和谐城乡关系的建构，以乡村规划体制机制创新为重点，提出苏南乡村空间转型的规划调控对策和建议。

自2000年以来，在快速城镇化、工业化和农地制度创新等多重驱动下，苏南大规模的乡村集中社区建设正在全面解构传统乡村空间意象，推动“乡土中国”向“离土中国”的乡村社会的全面转型。基于社会空间理论，以苏州为例，分别从社会空间的解释视角、批判视角和规范视角对苏南乡村空间的转型机制、风险及规划调控对策进行研究。首先，运用遥感等技术，本项目对改革开放以来苏南乡村空间演化时空特征进行研究。其次，通过将苏南乡村空间转型“嵌入”到具体的、地方化的社会制度变迁情境之中，基于市场扩张和土地制度变迁两个重要变量，建构“市场扩张—空间尺度重构”、“农地制度变迁—乡村空间演化”的动态理论分析框架，深层次解释了苏南乡村空间演化的机制。再次，基于新马克思主义空间批判的视角，对苏南乡村空间的转型风险进行解析。最后，基于社会空间的规范视角，提出苏南乡村空间规划调控对策。研究表明：（1）改革开放以来，苏南乡村空间演化具有鲜明的阶段性和空间尺度效应。（2）市场改革和农地制度改革是推动苏南乡村空间转型最重要的力量。（3）苏南乡村空间转型存在乡村文化危机、农民自主性危机等多重风险。（4）培养农民自组织力量，壮大农村新型集体经济可以抵御乡村转型风险。本项目不仅有助于推动乡村空间研究进展，而且有助于指导乡村规划与建设。