游客“旅游心理链”及其时空尺度响应研究：理论建构与实证探析

The existence of "Chain" is universal. It has got people's attentions and been widely used in many fields, such as biological chain, industry chain, value chain, information chain. We try to put forward the new conception "Tourism Psychological Chain", and carry out the relevant research.. Tourist's psychologies and their dynamic change are the anthropology reflection and authentic manifestation of "human-land" relationships ("tourist-destination" relationships). "Important tourist psychologies" in the whole process of tourism and "the relationships between them" together constitute tourist's "Tourism Psychology Chain". Study on this issue can reveal the subjective status, the diachronic change and specific association features of "tourist-destination" relationships from tourist’s psychological perspective. The research has the theoretical value for understanding tourist's psychological process during the travel, and has practical reference value for tourism destination tourist-oriented to optimize and adjust its own tourism development.. After theoretical review, reflection and full reference to predecessors' researches, construct the "Tourism Psychological Chain Theoretical Model", which take typical psychologies (such as tourist motivation, on-the-spot tourist perception, tourist harvest, tourist total evaluation, tourist post-tour intentions) that occurred in the whole process of tourism and mapping of "tourist-destination" relationships as node variables, and construct index systems that measure the node variables. Then do case study to the important Scenic spots of the ancient capital Xi'an, implement professional large sample survey to tourists that come to the city. According to the first-hand data, using Structural Equation Model(SEM) confirm that the objective existence of the "Tourism Psychology Chain" law, adjust and optimize the measurement index systems of Tourist Psychology Chain's node variables and verify their scientific as well. On the basis of the above research work, analyze the features and intrinsic variable relations of tourists' "Tourism Psychological Chain", reveal the differences among tourist groups from different space sale destinations and different time sale destinations, as well as explore the reasons for the differences.. The purpose of the study is to promote the basic theory research of tourism geography, to deepen the understanding of tourists’ important psychologies during the whole tour process and the mechanism, to reveal the specific causal association features of the important psychologies, clarify the relevant responses of tourists’ "Tourism Psychology Chain" to different space sale and different time sale, so as to provide basic theoretical reference for development planning and tour process optimization to destination managers.

“链”的存在具有普遍性，其在诸多学术领域已得到关注，如生物链、产业链、价值链、信息链等。我们试图提出“旅游心理链”概念，并开展系列相关探索。充分回顾前人研究的基础上，以整个旅游过程中相继发生的典型游客心理为节点，以其关联性为轴线，建构游客旅游心理链理论模型；构建旅游心理链节点变量的测度指标体系。然后，以西安重点景区为典型案例地，对不同时空尺度的游客进行大样本抽样调查。依据一手资料，应用结构方程模型，证实“旅游心理链”这一规律的客观存在；对测度指标体系进行优化调整并验证其科学性。在此基础上，对不同时空尺度游客群体“旅游心理链”的特征、内在变量关系进行探索，揭示其差异并分析产生这些差异的原因。以期推动旅游基础理论发展；揭示重要旅游心理之间的关联特征，深化认识旅游过程中游客群体的心理活动规律；获悉不同时空尺度游客群体的相关差异及其原因所在，从而为目的地的游客管理与旅游过程优化调控提供理论参考。

随着旅游研究的深入，旅游研究出现了社会学转向。这一点从国际旅游研究热点和前沿问题中可以深刻体会到。旅游心理反映了旅游的主体——游客在旅游过程中重要内在心理变化，是影响旅游者行为的关键的游客内部影响因素，它既能反映旅游者发生群体行为的原因，还能够揭示游客的体验结果，还能够反映游客旅游后的目的地评价与游后行为。因此，旅游心理链的研究是旅游者行为研究的一个重要领域。.对游客旅游心理链进行理论探索。在充分阅读现有文献的基础上，经过同行专家的意见咨询，对游客旅游心理链进行了理论分析和理论建构，获取了游客旅游过程中的典型旅游心理，设计出了“旅游心理链”的测度指标体系。.选取了3个大典型旅游案例地，基于一手资料对不同类别的典型旅游目的地的游客旅游心理链进行了实证分析与更深入的理论探索。分类别选取了主题公园中的典型代表——上海迪士尼主题乐园、、典型的历史文化旅游目的地——同里为案例地典型的黑色旅游目的地——侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆，对游客的旅游心理链及典型旅游心理的内在关系进行了实证分析与内在机理的探讨。选取典型案例地，基于一手资料对典型旅游心理及其影响因素、内在规律及其对旅游行为的影响进行了探索。选取典型的节事活动——祭孔大典、典型的乡村旅游目的地——婺源为案例地，对游客、居民的典型旅游心理分别进行了调研和研究。同时选取特殊群体，以苏北五市的聋哑残疾人弱势群体为研究对象，探讨了该特殊群体的旅游心理及其存在问题，以期加强学术研究的人文关怀。另外，作了一些相关或相近旅游领域的探索。.对游客“旅游心理链”测度指标体系的设计，已经取得一定进展。该测度量表还有哪些地方需要简化？哪些测度内容需要整合？不同时空尺度的游客的旅游心理链是否有显著差别？直至形成学界认可的“旅游心理链”的测度量表，需要进行后续的反复检验和验证，也需要根据研究对象个性特征、研究情景的不同进行优化和改进。