高层住宅厨房均匀自适应排烟动力学与设计方法研究

China has the largest amount of high-rise residential buildings in the world. In high-rise buildings, we have long faced with a thorny problem in the even collection and exhaust of cooking fume from each kitchen. Due to the cross effect of longitudinal connection through vertical flue, individual independent behavior of residents, weather conditions and other factors on the even exhaust, reasonable solutions should be properly decided on the basis of exhaust system dynamics. The project intends to carry out a study on the design and operation of the even exhaust system. The study will take into account the fluid dynamics with the typical characteristics, including multi emission nodes, mutative operating conditions, open type and direct return. The following four key aspects will be focused in the project, i.e., the equalizers design with low resistance, the hydraulic stability of the exhaust system, the adaptive regulation under mutative conditions and the negative pressure control of fume scurrying. The research will be organized as follows. First, the flow equalizing device will be developed to replace the flow diversion component in the exhaust flue. It is expected overcome the energy consumption in the flue caused by the usually used diversion component. The whole work of this project will be based on the parametric design of this device. Second, the hydraulic stability threshold theory is to be creatively applied, to define the design method of the even exhaust system. Third, scurrying dynamics will be established to explain the fume behavior inside the exhaust flue under the complex flow, and to develop a negative pressure regulating method for the fume penetration control. This project aims to build a bridge between the basic theory and technical application and is expected to help realize the even fume exhaust for the high-rise buildings.

我国高层住宅建筑总量世界第一，以集中排烟道为核心的高层住宅厨房油烟均匀收集排放是长期困扰建筑环境领域的一个棘手问题。受纵向连通、分散行为、气候条件等多维度因素的交叉作用，该问题需要从系统排烟动力学角度找到合理的解决方法。本项目拟以多汇点、变工况、开放型、异程式管网动力学为核心，开展高层住宅厨房均匀排烟设计与运行研究；重点解决低阻节能均流器设计、排烟系统水力稳定性、变工况自适应调节和户间窜烟负压调控等四方面关键技术理论问题。研究提出以用户均流器替代烟道导流构件的设想，改变以干道直流阻力能耗为代价的变压式设计路线，通过均流器参数化，形成等截面烟道均匀自适应排烟的支撑点；创新水力稳定性阈值理论，建立高层住宅排烟管网系统设计方法；提出烟道窜烟动力学理论，解释烟道内复杂动态流动下窜烟行为，提出窜烟控制的负压调节等方法。项目研究衔接基础理论和应用，可为实现高层住宅厨房均匀排烟提供技术路线。

我国高层住宅建筑总量世界第一，以集中排烟道为核心的高层住宅厨房油烟均匀收集排放是长期困扰建筑环境领域的一个棘手问题。受纵向连通、分散行为、气候条件等多维度因素的交叉作用，该问题需要从系统排烟动力学角度找到合理的解决方法。本项目以多汇点、变工况、开放型、异程式管网动力学为核心，开展了高层住宅厨房均匀排烟设计与运行研究；重点解决了低阻节能均流器参数化设计、多源点异程排烟管网动力学模型建立及验证、高层住宅厨房集中烟道的流动分布特性及其影响因素分析、基于烟道面积控制的均流自适应构件设计方法、集中烟道变排风量控制方法等关键问题。研究提出了以均流器替代烟道导流构件，改变以干道直流阻力能耗为代价的变压式设计路线，通过均流器参数化设计，形成了等截面烟道均匀自适应排烟的支撑点；创新水力稳定性阈值理论，建立了高层住宅排烟管网系统设计方法，实现了集中烟道均匀排烟和静压降低；提出了集中烟道变排风量的简易总风量控制法，实现了开环总风量变排风量控制策略。项目研究衔接了基础理论和应用，可为实现高层住宅厨房均匀排烟提供技术路线。