果蔬产品中抗雄激素类农药残留累积性风险评估基础研究

There is widespread exposure to chemicals that can disrupt the action of androgens in foetal life, so-called anti-androgens. Good evidence has shown that androgen-sensitive end points are demasculinized in male rats when exposed to a wide range of pesticides. The cumulative risk assessment (CRA) of anti-androgenic pesticides in food should therefore be addressed. In the proposal an effort will be made to conduct the CRA on 12 selected pesticides, which have been identified as anti-androgens and majority of them are among the priority list suggested by China Ministry of Agriculture to defend pests and diseases on fruits and vegetables. Levels of these pesticides will be determined using an on-line GPC-GC-MS system combined with modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Rugged and Safe) method. A integrated probabilistic risk assessment model will be developed to evaluate the dietary cumulative exposures to these pesticides due to fruit and vegetable consumption, combined with pesticide residue levels from a market basket survey in China's main cities. Both variation and uncertainty in the exposure and effect assessment will be included and dealt with separately in a probabilistic way. The results can be used as scientific basis for setting the maximum residue limits (MRL) for pesticides in food. CRA can provide a framework to address the relevance of reproductive abnormalities and anti-androgenic pesticide exposures. Moreover, CRA enables us to assess whether risks are caused by exposure to a number of pesticides at low levels, or whether some specific chemicals contribute disproportionately to a cumulative risk. These pesticides could be targeted specifically through measures of exposure reduction. The use of risk assessment outputs is also essential to develop practical risk management strategies.

抗雄激素类物质是环境内分泌干扰物中的一大类，可抑制雄激素在雄性显型表达和发育过程中的活性，引发男性生殖系统疾病，对胎儿、婴幼儿发育的影响尤为严重。我国农业部推荐在果蔬中使用的农药部分具有抗雄激素活性，在果蔬中的残留容易产生累积性危害效应，给果蔬消费带来风险隐患。而我国针对抗雄激素效应的农药风险监测与评估研究尚未系统开展，本底数据严重缺乏，风险程度还不清楚。本项目拟采集多农药残留问题普遍的果蔬产品，建立腐霉利等12种具有抗雄激素效应农药的QuEChERS-GPC-GC/MS多残留检测方法，通过危害效应特征描述推导人类健康指导值，明确其危害效应。同时建立暴露评估模型，开展累积性风险评估。项目的开展将明确我国果蔬中抗雄激素类农药残留现状及其对我国各消费人群的累积性风险水平，为风险管理措施的实施及农药最大残留限量标准制修订提供科学依据，对提高我国果蔬质量安全水平和保障果蔬健康消费具有重要意义。

果蔬产品中的农药残留问题，尤其是多种农药残留的混合污染现象，成为政府监管以及消费者、媒体关注的焦点和热点问题。我国农业部推荐在蔬菜、水果中使用并确认具有抗雄激素活性的农药有腐霉利、抑霉唑、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉、乙烯菌核利、硫丹、溴螨酯、杀螟硫磷、三氯杀螨醇、高效氟氯氰菊酯等，对农产品质量安全产生了潜在风险。本项目在开展蔬菜、水果样品市场监测的基础上，建立了果蔬产品中具有抗雄激素效应农药的QuEChERS-GPC-GC/MS多残留检测方法，方法灵敏度满足风险评估对样品测定高通量、高灵敏度的要求，初步摸清了我国主要果蔬产品中具有抗雄激素活性农药的本底含量水平及种类；通过抗雄激素效应的危害效应特征描述研究，获得了果蔬中主要抗雄激素农药人类健康指导值；建立了整合度较高且涵盖多项参数的农药残留累积性暴露评估概率模型，评估了我国各消费人群的累积性风险水平及其风险排序结果。项目的实施有望为我国相关农药风险管理（如最大残留限量标准制修订）提供重要依据。