基于数据增强与匹配的自发地理信息数据质量评价方法研究

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is an emergining phenomena in recent years where everyone can create geographic information and share it with others. VGI has now become a widely accepted source for geographic information. However, due to its voluntary nature and the fact that most contributors do not have a cartographic or geospatial background, various new problems are found in VGI data (e.g. unstructured data organization, low information density, multi-entry of the same information, lack of semantic description and consistency). On the other hand, tranditional spatial data quaity measures are no longer adequate for evaluating the above-mentioned issues of VGI data. In this context, quality assessment and control facilities are highly demanded to ensure that VGI data is usable in real-world applications. This proposal aims to develop a framework and methods to automatically evaluate the quality of VGI. A framework consisting of data specification, data enrichment, data matching and quality evaluation is conceived. Rather than evaluating the general quality of the data, application-specific requirements and quality metrics are to be developed to assess its quality in a certain application.Intrinsic and extrinsic quality criteria will be developed to evaluate higher-level geographic concepts and their quality in that specific application.

自发地理信息（VGI）是近年来兴起非专业人员通过泛在网络创建和分享地理信息的新范式，并逐渐成为主流的地理信息源之一。网络流行的带有地理空间位置信息的微博、网民标注、照片视频等都属于VGI的范畴。因其开放式公众参与和非专业性本质，VGI数据出现了传统空间数据质量评价无法应对的新问题（如非结构化低密度信息重复表达、数据项缺乏语义描述、缺乏"内在"一致性等），使VGI将持续面临信息可靠性、一致性、可用性等问题的困扰，亟待发展适宜VGI特征的数据质量评价指标和评价方法。本研究针对VGI数据质量问题中的难点，以"规范建立-数据增强-数据匹配-质量评价"为研究主线，发展适应特定应用需求的，面向高层次地理概念的"内在"一致性和"外在"可靠性的VGI数据规范及其质量检测手段，以提高VGI在公共地理信息服务、空间数据更新和数据集成中的实用价值。

项目旨在发展Web 2.0环境下非专业地理信息用户自发产生的大量地理空间或位置信息（VGI）的数据质量与可用性方法。本项目针对 VGI数据质量问题中的难点，以“规范建立—数据增强—数据匹配—质量评价”为研究主线，发展适应特定应用需求的“内在”一致性和“外在”可靠性的 VGI 数据规范及数据质量自动评价方法，以提高 VGI 在公共地理信息服务、空间数据更新和数据集成中的实用价值。目前，项目在跨比例尺数据质量评价规则的形式化建模，VGI与专业地理数据匹配、集成与一致性探测，基于地理相关性原理的数据“内在”一致性评价方法等关键技术上取得了一定进展。后续工作需要系统研发可用于生产环境下的VGI众源信息自动检查软件。